本文選題：津巴布韋 + 高等教育　； 參考：《浙江師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：1980年獨立至今,津巴布韋國內社會、政治、經濟環(huán)境經歷了巨大的變化,其高等教育經歷了由興盛到衰落的過程,高等教育質量逐步下滑。優(yōu)秀人才流失,教學與科研質量下降。在這種背景下,津巴布韋政府繼續(xù)擴大高等教育規(guī)模,一方面為了解決國內不斷增長的教育需求,另一方面也為了培養(yǎng)人才以彌補大量優(yōu)秀人才的流失。這使得原本教育資源就極度缺乏、資金不足的情況加劇,嚴重影響教育質量。同時,在高等教育全球化大趨勢的影響下,人才的流動與交流機會越來越多,出國學習或工作已成為提升自身的重要途徑,這就需要高等教育質量保障機構進行學分轉換、學歷認證�？偠灾�,提升高等教育質量已刻不容緩,高等教育質量保障勢在必行。 本研究通過相關文獻閱讀、實地調研以及對津巴布韋當地高等教育相關人員的訪談,對其高等教育質量保障體系以及實踐進行了系統(tǒng)歸納,并總結出津巴布韋高等教育質量保障當前面臨的困難與挑戰(zhàn)。津巴布韋高等教育質量保障體系分為外部質量保障與內部質量保障,外部質量保障的實施機構為津巴布韋高等教育委員會,其負責津各高等教育機構的認證與注冊。通過出臺相關的標準對各高校進行監(jiān)督與評估。內部質量保障則為學校層面,各學校根據高等教育委員會的指導原則結合自身實際情況制訂質量保障細則,各個學院再據此制訂質量保障規(guī)則。質量保障內容主要包括教師教學、科研,學生成就的評估,評估方式主要有同行評審、外部考官評估。 當前津巴布韋的經濟開始復蘇,其高等教育質量保障得到社會各界普遍重視,但仍面臨很多困難與挑戰(zhàn),主要表現有：(1)資金短缺是高等教育質量保障面臨的一大難題。資金缺乏影響教育的方方面面,如教學設備、教學材料等陳舊,學生住宿條件不能得到滿足等等,極大的影響了教育質量。(2)受經濟影響,大量優(yōu)秀教職人員離開津巴布韋,造成津巴布韋高等教育人力資源短缺,現有人員素質有待提高,追根究底,其中工資低是很多教師離開的主要原因。(3)津巴布韋高等教育的大眾化己成為一種趨勢,為了滿足人們對高等教育不斷增加的需求,津巴布韋政府決定繼續(xù)擴大教育規(guī)模。在現有條件下,這必然進一步影響高等教育質量。如何平衡高等教育數量與質量的關系,已成為擺在津巴布韋高等教育質量保障面前的重要挑戰(zhàn)。(4)作為南部非洲發(fā)展共同體的成員國,津巴布韋高等教育走向區(qū)域化也是必然的選擇。這有助于津巴布韋高等教育更好的融入全球化,同時也有助于提高本國高等教育質量。
[Abstract]:Since the independence of Zimbabwe in 1980, the social, political and economic environment of Zimbabwe has undergone tremendous changes, and its higher education has experienced a process from prosperity to decline, and the quality of higher education has gradually declined.Excellent talent drain, teaching and scientific research quality decline.In this context, the Zimbabwean government continues to expand the scale of higher education, on the one hand to meet the growing domestic demand for education, on the other hand, to train talent to make up for the loss of a large number of talented people.This causes the education resources to be extremely scarce, the insufficient fund situation intensifies, seriously affects the education quality.At the same time, under the influence of the globalization of higher education, there are more and more opportunities for the flow and exchange of talents. Studying abroad or working abroad has become an important way to improve oneself, which requires the credit conversion of higher education quality assurance institutions.Education certification.In a word, it is urgent to improve the quality of higher education, and it is imperative to guarantee the quality of higher education.Through reading relevant documents, field research and interviews with local higher education personnel in Zimbabwe, this study systematically summarized the quality assurance system and practice of higher education.And summarizes the Zimbabwe higher education quality assurance currently faces the difficulty and the challenge.The quality assurance system of higher education in Zimbabwe is divided into external quality assurance and internal quality assurance. The implementing institution of external quality assurance is Zimbabwe higher Education Commission, which is responsible for certification and registration of higher education institutions in Zimbabwe.Through the introduction of relevant standards for the supervision and evaluation of colleges and universities.On the other hand, the internal quality assurance is at the school level. According to the guiding principles of the higher education committee, each school formulates the rules of quality assurance according to its own actual conditions, and every college formulates the quality assurance rules accordingly.The content of quality assurance includes teacher teaching, scientific research, assessment of students' achievement, peer review and external examiner evaluation.At present, the economy of Zimbabwe has begun to recover, and the quality assurance of higher education has received widespread attention from all walks of life in the society, but it still faces many difficulties and challenges, mainly showing that the shortage of funds is one of the major problems faced by the quality assurance of higher education.The lack of funds affected all aspects of education, such as outdated teaching equipment, teaching materials, etc., and so on, which greatly affected the quality of education and the quality of education. A large number of outstanding teaching staff left Zimbabwe.As a result of the shortage of human resources in higher education in Zimbabwe, the quality of existing personnel needs to be improved. In the final analysis, the low salary is the main reason for many teachers to leave.) the popularization of higher education in Zimbabwe has become a trend.To meet the growing demand for higher education, the government has decided to continue to expand the scale of education.Under the existing conditions, this will inevitably further affect the quality of higher education.How to balance the relationship between the quantity and quality of higher education has become an important challenge facing the quality assurance of higher education in Zimbabwe) as a member of the Southern African Development Community,The regionalization of higher education in Zimbabwe is also an inevitable choice.This will help Zimbabwean higher education better integrate into globalization and improve the quality of higher education in Zimbabwe.
【學位授予單位】：浙江師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G649.2

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