本文選題：日本留學(xué)　切入點：創(chuàng)造社　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為“五四”文壇上“異軍突起”的,由留日學(xué)生發(fā)起的文學(xué)團體,創(chuàng)造社作家國家想象的形成和嬗變不僅反映了創(chuàng)造社一個團體的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作走向和思想變遷,也折射出晚清直至1920年代末,經(jīng)歷了社會進化論、國家主義、無政府主義、個人主義、啟蒙思想、浪漫主義、民族主義等諸種西方思潮沖擊的中國知識分子的思想與心靈圖志。厘清這一問題還將有助于從一個新的視角審視“創(chuàng)造社的左翼轉(zhuǎn)向”這一中國現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史的難題。創(chuàng)造社的留日經(jīng)歷可視為三十年代中國左翼文學(xué)史前史的重要部分,他們從“小資產(chǎn)階級藝術(shù)家”到“革命文學(xué)家”的“方向轉(zhuǎn)換”過程中,起關(guān)鍵作用的正是“民族”、“國家”、“國民”、“國民國家”這些通過留學(xué)生活而明確起來的意識。 創(chuàng)造社作家的國家意識和民族意識的生成,對國家和民族概念的理解,對民族國家共同體的想象,對自我與國家關(guān)系的認識中存在著許多復(fù)雜的思想脈絡(luò)、許多曲折的變化未曾理清,不是“愛國主義”或“民族主義”可以簡單概括之。本文所討論的“國家想象”,包括對于現(xiàn)代國家概念、民族概念的接受,國家意識和民族意識的生成,對自我與國家、民族、國民等關(guān)系的認識,以及在此基礎(chǔ)上形成的有關(guān)國家形象的想象。創(chuàng)造社作家的國家想象中既包含了他們對中國現(xiàn)狀的觀看,也包含了對國家應(yīng)然形象的想象。國家想象的變化則反映著個體國家意識的變化、個體對于共同體的認同與疏離。作為留學(xué)地的日本向創(chuàng)造社作家灌輸了現(xiàn)代的國家意識：包括“富國強兵”的口號、崇尚國家間競爭的社會進化論思想、國家主義、以及“國民國家”的樣板；也為他們提供了反思國家的思想工具：浪漫主義和教養(yǎng)主義。此外,留學(xué)本身帶來的特殊生存狀態(tài)也影響了他們觀看和想象故國的方式。本文將主要通過以下三個層面考察日本留學(xué)對創(chuàng)造社作家國家想象的影響：“我”與國家的關(guān)系,國家與民族的關(guān)系,以及“我”與國民的關(guān)系。 本文將首先討論創(chuàng)造社作家的自我與國家的同盟是怎樣在“富國強兵”的思想和“亡國滅種”的危機中建立起來的。作為清末民初留學(xué)潮的核心思想,“富國強兵”是促使創(chuàng)造社作家走上留學(xué)路的關(guān)鍵因素,而在日本留學(xué)期間和歸國后,他們又不約而同地發(fā)出過批判“富國強兵”的言論,對自己當(dāng)年信仰的思想產(chǎn)生如此強烈的反撥正可見這一思想當(dāng)時影響之深。因此,本文第一章將在梳理以“富國強兵”為指導(dǎo)思想的清末民初留學(xué)潮背景基礎(chǔ)上,從考察創(chuàng)造社成員的留學(xué)動因、留學(xué)制度、由官費所反映出的留學(xué)生活狀態(tài)等問題入手,由此透視中國歷史上第一次大規(guī)模的留學(xué)潮是如何塑造了創(chuàng)造社作家有關(guān)個體與國家關(guān)系的認識,當(dāng)時的留學(xué)制度、民初教育經(jīng)費恐慌所導(dǎo)致的留學(xué)生官費滯納狀況又如何影響了他們對國家的看法。 形成國家想象的一個重要因素是對于“國家是什么”這一概念的認識。第二章將討論在“亡國滅種”的危機感中,創(chuàng)造社作家是如何通過日本接受了“國家”、“民族”、“種族”、“國民”、“國民國家”這些現(xiàn)代概念。對這些概念的日本式的闡釋,留學(xué)期間對日本現(xiàn)代“國民國家”體制和日本“國民性”的觀察,對“國民性”理論的接受,又是如何影響了他們對自我與國家、國民關(guān)系的思考。 第三章將考察創(chuàng)造社作家還鄉(xiāng)敘事中對“還鄉(xiāng)體驗”的講述,主要采用比較文學(xué)研究中的平行研究和影響研究方法,考察創(chuàng)造社作家還鄉(xiāng)敘事中所反映出的觀看和想象中國的方式,以及西方浪漫主義的經(jīng)典情結(jié)“鄉(xiāng)愁”是如何被運用到創(chuàng)造社的還鄉(xiāng)故事和故國想象中的,上述還鄉(xiāng)體驗又是如何最終造成了他們國家想象中“中國形象”的分裂。 第四章將主要通過文本細讀的方式,重點討論由還鄉(xiāng)體驗而產(chǎn)生的國家想象的變化,是如何影響了創(chuàng)造社作家的創(chuàng)作和思想走向,分析1920年前后,也就是創(chuàng)造社歸國還鄉(xiāng)前后這一段時期作品中所出現(xiàn)的去國者、混血兒、吟游詩人這些游離出國家共同體之外的形象,以及伴隨這些形象出現(xiàn)的他們對國家主義所作出的反思。 最后將考察創(chuàng)造社對“國民文學(xué)”的提出、理論倡導(dǎo)和創(chuàng)作實踐�！皣瘛痹趧�(chuàng)造社作家的國家想象圖景中并不一開始就是主角,而是當(dāng)他們感覺到有必要重新調(diào)整“我”與國家的關(guān)系,構(gòu)建一種新的國家形象時,才開始將目光投向“國民”�！皣裎膶W(xué)”的實踐通過將民族從國家中分離出來,通過描寫“國民”,重新構(gòu)建了一個“我”與民族國家的新同盟。“國民文學(xué)”的提出標(biāo)志著創(chuàng)造社開始重新審視“國民”的存在,由此也為不久之后的左翼轉(zhuǎn)向奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:As the "54" literary world "by Japan, A new force suddenly rises." launched by the students literary groups, create and change society writer national imagination not only reflects the literary creation society to a group and ideological changes, but also reflects the late Qing Dynasty until the end of 1920s, experienced social evolution, nationalism, no the government doctrine, individualism, enlightenment, Romanticism, the impact of the western nationalism and China intellectuals and soul records. There will also be helpful to examine the problem from a new perspective to create agency left turn "the Chinese of modern literature history to clarify this problem. The creation society the experience of studying in Japan can be regarded as an important part of the 30s Chinese left-wing literary prehistory, from their" bourgeois artists "to" Revolutionary Literature "" conversion "process, play a key role. It is the consciousness of "nation", "state", "national", "national state", which is clear through the life of studying abroad.
Generation of creation society writers of the national consciousness and national consciousness of the country and the nation, the understanding of the concept of community, national imagination, for there are many complex ideas of self understanding relationship with the state, many tortuous change not clear, not "patriotism" and "nationalism" can be summarized. This paper discussed. "National imagination", including the concept of modern state, accept the concept of nation, generation of national consciousness and national consciousness, the national self and country, understanding of national relations, and the formation of imagination on the basis of national image. The national imagination Creation Society writers include they China status watch, also contains the national image. The state changes should be thought reflects the change of individual national consciousness, the individual identity and sparse community From Japan to study. As a writer with the creation society modern national consciousness: including fuguoqiangbing slogan, advocating social evolution of national competition theory, nationalism, and the "national model"; also provides a review of national thinking tools for them: the romantic and rearing doctrine. In addition, the special study itself and the survival condition also influence their watch and imagine homeland way. In this paper, mainly through the following three aspects of creation society writers studying in Japan influence national imagination: "I" and the relationship between the state and the relationship between the state and the nation, and "I" and the national relationship.
This paper will first discuss the creation society writers self and the National Alliance is how to set up in the "making" and the idea of "genocide" in the crisis. At the end of the Qing Dynasty as the study core thought tide, "fuguoqiangbing" is the key factor to go on the road to study creation society writers, while studying in Japan and abroad later, they invariably issued a critique of "enriching" speech, on his belief thought so strongly against being visible this thought was deep influence. Therefore, the first chapter of this paper will study the background based on the tide of "enriching" as the guiding ideology of the late Qing Dynasty in the carding, study motivation, creation members of the society from the study of the international system, starting with the study of life state problems reflected by government, this perspective China the first time in the history of large-scale influx is How to build the society writer awareness about the relationship between the individual and the country's creation, study system at that time, the education expenditure caused by the panic students fees overdue status and how to influence their views on the country.
An important factor in the formation of national imagination is the "national awareness of the concept of what". The second chapter will discuss the "genocide" in the sense of crisis, the creation society is how the Japanese writer accepted the "country", "nation", "race", "national", "the modern concept of national the country". The concept of these Japanese interpretation, observed during the study of Japanese modern "national system" and Japanese "national character", the acceptance of the "national character" theory, and how it affects their self and country, consideration on national relations.
The third chapter studies the creation society writers narrative of "returning home" experience about, mainly used in the study of comparative literature parallel research and the influence research method, investigation of creation society writers returning to watch and imagine China way reflected in the narrative, and the western romantic classic complex "nostalgia" is to be used to create social stories and returning homeland imagination of the native experience and how ultimately caused their national imagination "China image" of the division.
The fourth chapter mainly through a close reading of the text, focusing on the changes caused by the experience of the national imagination, is how to affect the writer's creation and the creation of social ideological trend, analysis before and after 1920, which is to create the agency before and after this period returned home in the works of the country, mestizo, Bard the free state community outside of the image, and the image appears with the reflection of these are made of nationalism.
Finally, will examine the creation society on the "national literature", theory and practice. The "national" in the creation society writers national vision is not a beginning is the protagonist, but when they feel it is necessary to adjust the "I" relationship with the state, establish a new image of the country, only began to turn their attention to the "national" practice. "National literature" by separating the nation from the state, through the description of "national", constructs a new "I" and the national new alliance. "National literature" marks the creation of cooperatives began to re-examine the "national", thus it is soon left to lay the foundation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G648.9

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 梁宇彬;;穿越國境的繆斯——從馮乃超詩歌看法國象征主義在東方的變形[J];法國研究;2008年03期

2 劉建云;;關(guān)于郭開文日本留學(xué)的初步考證——清末留日大潮中的一個個例[J];郭沫若學(xué)刊;2010年04期

3 陳紅旗;“日本體驗”與中國左翼文學(xué)的發(fā)生[J];貴州師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2005年05期

4 馮乃超;;憶木天[J];社會科學(xué)戰(zhàn)線;1983年02期

5 孫玉石;穆木天:新詩先鋒性的探索者——紀念穆木天誕辰一百周年[J];文學(xué)評論;2001年06期

6 馮乃超;蔣錫金;;革命文學(xué)論爭·魯迅·左翼作家聯(lián)盟——我的一些回憶[J];新文學(xué)史料;1986年03期

7 蘇明;;“支那”之痛:現(xiàn)代留日作家的創(chuàng)傷性記憶[J];中國現(xiàn)代文學(xué)研究叢刊;2010年01期

，

本文編號：1645158