本文選題：學(xué)分制　切入點：大學(xué)生　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近些年來,依據(jù)社會的發(fā)展以及教育的內(nèi)在規(guī)律,我國高校逐步實施學(xué)分制。學(xué)分制體現(xiàn)了以人為本的教育理念,注重因材施教和學(xué)生個性的發(fā)展,成為我國高等教育改革的熱點。學(xué)分制強調(diào)學(xué)生的主體地位,尊重學(xué)生個性差異,要求學(xué)生發(fā)揮主觀能動性,根據(jù)自己的興趣愛好自由選課。在這種情況下,學(xué)生的組織方式以及活動方式出現(xiàn)時間和空間的高度離散性,行政班級功能的弱化性,人際關(guān)系的疏遠(yuǎn)性等特征,這就給傳統(tǒng)的大學(xué)生思想政治教育方式,如以教師為本,教育過程采用單向灌輸、內(nèi)容強調(diào)整齊劃一,較少考慮學(xué)生個體差異等帶來了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn),在學(xué)分制背景下,大學(xué)生思想政治教育理念、方法、模式、內(nèi)容等都需要作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整與改變,以適應(yīng)新形勢的需要。本文針對上述問題,進行了深入思考。 本文共分四部分： 第一部分對于國內(nèi)外學(xué)分制的起源和發(fā)展歷程進行了追蹤論述,特別是對于學(xué)分制的內(nèi)涵、學(xué)分制的特點做了客觀而全面的分析,提出高等學(xué)校實施學(xué)分制的五大優(yōu)勢,并且闡述了學(xué)分制給高校產(chǎn)生的新問題。 第二部分分析了學(xué)分制視域下大學(xué)生思想政治教育的現(xiàn)狀。首先通過問卷調(diào)查的形式,歸納總結(jié)學(xué)分制下大學(xué)生的思想和行為特點,得出學(xué)分制視域下大學(xué)生思想政治教育面臨的問題,通過對問卷調(diào)查的深入分析,提出學(xué)分制對大學(xué)生思想政治教育的五大挑戰(zhàn)。 第三部分分析了學(xué)分制產(chǎn)生的特殊群體——延長學(xué)制學(xué)生的基本情況,從我國高等教育辦學(xué)規(guī)模的不斷擴大與高校教師人數(shù)發(fā)展不足矛盾、高校培養(yǎng)方案設(shè)置與教學(xué)資源不足矛盾、學(xué)生自我約束能力與社會環(huán)境矛盾等三個方面分析了延長學(xué)制現(xiàn)象的形成原因,歸納總結(jié)了延長學(xué)制學(xué)生給高校、社會、家庭、自身帶來的不利影響。 第四部分提出了學(xué)分制視域下大學(xué)生思想政治教育的應(yīng)對策略。即針對學(xué)分制視域下大學(xué)生出現(xiàn)的新情況、新特點及大學(xué)生思想政治教育面臨的新問題,筆者建議：一是創(chuàng)新大學(xué)生思想政治教育內(nèi)容,包括加強理想信念和責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng)教育、增加大學(xué)生學(xué)涯規(guī)劃教育、增加自我評估教育等。二是改進大學(xué)生思想政治教育方法,包括強化樹立典型教育、強化滲透教育、推行大學(xué)生雙導(dǎo)師制等。三是拓寬學(xué)分制視域下大學(xué)生思想政治教育途徑,包括強化寢室育人功能、發(fā)揮社團教育功能、構(gòu)建和諧的師生關(guān)系等。四是針對延長學(xué)制學(xué)生,提出了四點針對性策略,即：一是以人為本,用愛感化延長學(xué)制學(xué)生,樹立“以人為本”的觀點,尊重、平等對待這些學(xué)生。二是對延長學(xué)制學(xué)生進行心理輔導(dǎo),讓延長學(xué)制學(xué)生消除自卑心理,激發(fā)其學(xué)習(xí)動力,盡早畢業(yè)。三是加強延長學(xué)制班級管理,強化日常學(xué)習(xí)秩序監(jiān)控等指導(dǎo)和管理。四是形成學(xué)校、家庭雙向監(jiān)控體系,減少由于聯(lián)系少而引起的學(xué)校和家庭間的不必要的誤會。
[Abstract]:In recent years, according to the development of the society and the inherent law of education, the credit system has been gradually implemented in colleges and universities in our country. The credit system embodies the idea of people-oriented education, pays attention to teaching students according to their aptitude and the development of students' personality. The credit system emphasizes the student's main position, respects the student's individuality difference, requires the student to exert the subjective initiative, according to his own interest and hobby, chooses the course freely. In this case, the credit system emphasizes the student's main position, respects the student's individuality difference, and chooses the course freely according to his own interest. The characteristics of students' organization and activity, such as the high dispersion of time and space, the weakening of administrative class function, the alienation of interpersonal relationship, etc, give traditional ideological and political education to college students, such as teacher-oriented, and so on. Unidirectional inculcation is adopted in the educational process, the content is emphasized to be uniform, and the individual differences of the students are less considered. Under the background of the credit system, the ideas, methods and models of ideological and political education for college students are put forward. The content and so on need to make the corresponding adjustment and the change, in order to adapt to the need of the new situation, this article has carried on the thorough consideration to the above question. This paper is divided into four parts:. In the first part, the origin and development of credit system at home and abroad are discussed, especially the connotation of credit system and the characteristics of credit system are analyzed objectively and comprehensively, and the five advantages of implementing credit system in colleges and universities are put forward. And elaborated the credit system to the university produces the new question. The second part analyzes the current situation of college students' ideological and political education in the view of credit system. Firstly, through the form of questionnaire, the author summarizes the ideological and behavioral characteristics of college students under the credit system. The problems faced by ideological and political education of college students under the view of credit system are obtained. Through the in-depth analysis of the questionnaire survey, five major challenges to ideological and political education of college students are put forward. The third part analyzes the basic situation of the special group of students in the credit system, that is, the extension of the school system, and the contradiction between the continuous expansion of the scale of running higher education in China and the insufficient number of teachers in colleges and universities. This paper analyzes the forming reasons of the phenomenon of prolonging the school system from three aspects: the contradiction between the establishment of the training scheme and the insufficient teaching resources, the contradiction between the students' self-restraint ability and the social environment, and sums up the reasons for the phenomenon of extending the school system to the university, the society and the family. Its own adverse effects. Part 4th puts forward the countermeasures of ideological and political education of college students from the perspective of credit system, that is, aiming at the new situation, new characteristics and new problems faced by the ideological and political education of college students under the view of credit system. The author suggests: first, to innovate the content of college students' ideological and political education, including to strengthen the education of ideal, belief and responsibility, to increase the education of college students' learning horizon planning, to increase the education of self-evaluation, and to improve the methods of ideological and political education for college students. The third is to broaden the ways of ideological and political education for college students under the credit system, including strengthening the function of educating people in the dormitory and giving play to the educational function of the community. Fourth, aiming at the students with extended schooling system, this paper puts forward four targeted strategies, that is, to put people first, to extend the system with love, to set up the viewpoint of "people-oriented", and to respect it. To treat these students equally. Second, to give psychological guidance to students with extended schooling system, to let them eliminate their inferiority complex, to stimulate their motivation to study, and to graduate as soon as possible. Third, to strengthen the class management of the extended school system. The fourth is to form a school and family two-way monitoring system to reduce unnecessary misunderstanding between school and family caused by lack of connection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G641

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