本文選題：清末　切入點(diǎn)：湖南　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：書院是中國古代一種獨(dú)特的文化教育組織,自唐代產(chǎn)生,歷經(jīng)宋、元、明、清,綿延千余年,不僅為國家培養(yǎng)了大批優(yōu)秀人才,而且為中國教育、文化、學(xué)術(shù)、出版、藏書等事業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。至清代,由于官學(xué)衰微、科舉盛行,書院成為培養(yǎng)科舉人才的教育機(jī)構(gòu),學(xué)術(shù)研究功能逐漸喪失。為恢復(fù)書院經(jīng)世致用傳統(tǒng),順應(yīng)時(shí)勢變化,全國各地興起了教育改革的浪潮。改革書院和創(chuàng)建學(xué)堂成為中國近代教育改革的兩項(xiàng)重要舉措,二者的關(guān)系經(jīng)歷復(fù)雜的變化后,從齊頭并進(jìn)發(fā)展到此消彼長,學(xué)堂最終取代書院。 清末湖南書院以甲午為界,經(jīng)歷了兩個(gè)不同階段的改革：甲午前,以校經(jīng)書院和沅水校經(jīng)堂為代表,致力于回歸書院經(jīng)世致用傳統(tǒng)；甲午后,在堅(jiān)持中學(xué)主導(dǎo)地位的基礎(chǔ)上,書院引入新學(xué),吸收新式學(xué)堂的元素,在內(nèi)容和形式等方面都進(jìn)行了新的改革,呈現(xiàn)出新的氣象。湖南新式學(xué)堂的創(chuàng)辦以時(shí)務(wù)學(xué)堂為標(biāo)志,經(jīng)過維新、新政兩個(gè)時(shí)期,得到了快速發(fā)展,形成了較為完整的體系,為湖南近代教育的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 清末湖南書院與學(xué)堂的關(guān)系不斷變化發(fā)展,在維新時(shí)期和新政時(shí)期表現(xiàn)出不同的特點(diǎn)。維新時(shí)期,人們將改革傳統(tǒng)書院和創(chuàng)辦新式學(xué)堂一同視為改革教育、培養(yǎng)新式人才的重要舉措,書院與學(xué)堂可謂名異實(shí)同。新政時(shí)期,社會(huì)需才恐亟,書院不僅不能滿足社會(huì)需求,而且還阻礙了教育的改革和學(xué)堂的興建,書院與學(xué)堂的區(qū)別日漸明顯,并上升到制度層面,最終通過書院改制,兩者實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一。這一時(shí)期的學(xué)堂既繼承和保留了書院的物質(zhì)財(cái)產(chǎn)、教學(xué)內(nèi)容和教學(xué)目標(biāo),又吸收了西方學(xué)校的教學(xué)形式、方法和理念,體現(xiàn)了近代教育的新特征。
[Abstract]:Academy of Classical Learning is a unique cultural and educational organization in ancient China. It has been born in the Tang Dynasty and lasted for more than a thousand years. It has not only trained a large number of outstanding talents for the country, but also provided education, culture, scholarship and publishing for China. By the Qing Dynasty, due to the decline of official studies and the prevalence of imperial examinations, the academy became an educational institution for the cultivation of imperial examination talents, and its academic research function was gradually lost. The reform of academies and the establishment of academies have become two important measures in China's modern education reform. After the complicated changes, the relationship between the two has developed from one step to the other. The school eventually replaced the college. At the end of Qing Dynasty, Hunan Academy of Classics took the "Jiawu" as the boundary and went through two different stages of reform: before the "Jiawu", represented by the Classical College and Yuanshui School's Jing Tong, Hunan Academy devoted itself to returning to the tradition of the academy's practice in the world, and after that, on the basis of insisting on the dominant position of the middle school, The academies introduced new learning, absorbed the elements of new schools, carried out new reforms in content and form, and presented a new atmosphere. The establishment of new schools in Hunan was marked by the school of time and administration, and after two periods of reform and new deal, The rapid development and formation of a relatively complete system laid the foundation for the development of modern education in Hunan. In the late Qing Dynasty, the relationship between academies and schools in Hunan was constantly changing and developing, showing different characteristics in the period of reform and the New deal. During the period of reform, people regarded the reform of traditional academies and the establishment of new schools as reform of education. During the New deal period, the society needed to meet the needs of the society. The academy not only failed to meet the needs of the society, but also hindered the reform of education and the construction of the school. The difference between the academy and the school became more and more obvious, and it rose to the level of system, and finally realized the unification through the reform of the college. The school of this period not only inherited and retained the material property, teaching content and teaching goal of the college, but also realized the unity of the two. It also absorbs the teaching forms, methods and ideas of western schools, and embodies the new characteristics of modern education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G649.299

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本文編號(hào)：1599170