本文關(guān)鍵詞： 科學(xué)共同體 范式 高�？茖W(xué)共同體 無形學(xué)院 馬太效應(yīng)　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：科學(xué)是一種社會事業(yè)，科學(xué)共同體是科學(xué)事業(yè)中的一種獨特體制，是科學(xué)的一種社會建制，是從事科學(xué)認識活動的主體。高�？茖W(xué)共同體作為科學(xué)共同體的一種特殊形式，在我國高校實施科教興國戰(zhàn)略中發(fā)揮著重大的作用。本文試圖對我國高�？茖W(xué)共同體建設(shè)的研究，分析其在運行過程中可能存在的問題，并提出相應(yīng)對策，為完善我國高等教育管理、科研管理，，培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新理念，提高科技水平等提供理論依據(jù)。 論文第1章為引言。主要介紹國內(nèi)外關(guān)于高�？茖W(xué)共同體的研究現(xiàn)狀，以及對范式、科學(xué)共同體兩個名詞的概念界定：“范式”就是一個科學(xué)共同體的全體成員所共有的東西，如共同的信念、共同的價值標準、共同的理論框架和研究方法、公認的科學(xué)成就和范例等；“科學(xué)共同體”是由一些學(xué)有專長的實際工作者所組成。 第2章是對科學(xué)共同體的基礎(chǔ)理論研究。主要圍繞科學(xué)共同體的興起（從自由主義的興起到科學(xué)共同體的創(chuàng)立）、特征（包括：群體性、協(xié)作性、競爭性等）、組織形式（包括無形學(xué)院與科學(xué)學(xué)派、科學(xué)學(xué)會與科學(xué)研究機構(gòu)等）以及功能（包括促進學(xué)科交叉、維護正常的競爭與合作等）方面進行研究。 第3章研究我國高�？茖W(xué)共同體的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。主要圍繞發(fā)展歷史（從個體研究階段到課題項目組研究階段發(fā)展，再發(fā)展至目前的高�？茖W(xué)共同體研究階段）、特征（包括環(huán)境特殊性、目標穩(wěn)定性、成員流動性以及成果雙重性等）、組織形式（包括層式結(jié)構(gòu)、職能結(jié)構(gòu)、工作組結(jié)構(gòu)以及矩陣結(jié)構(gòu)）等方面展開。 第4章研究我國高校科學(xué)共同體的運行現(xiàn)狀。主要圍繞社會保障體系（包括經(jīng)費投入運行現(xiàn)狀、人才培養(yǎng)運行現(xiàn)狀等）、交流與同行評議體系（包括學(xué)術(shù)交流的方式、同行評議的模式等）、科學(xué)獎勵系統(tǒng)（包括獎勵的方式和手段、獎勵的原則等）以及社會規(guī)范體系（包括規(guī)范的組成和功能等）四個方面進行分析。 第5章分析我國高�？茖W(xué)共同體在運行中可能存在的問題。以第4章的四個方面為重點分析，提出包括同行評議沒有形成科學(xué)范式、科學(xué)獎勵系統(tǒng)存在“馬太效應(yīng)”等問題。 第6章根據(jù)存在的問題提出相應(yīng)對策。例如：科學(xué)獎勵系統(tǒng)存在“馬太效應(yīng)”，有其必然的原因，在進行高校科學(xué)共同體建設(shè)的過程中，應(yīng)正確認識馬太效應(yīng)帶來的積極影響，制定合理科學(xué)的社會規(guī)范以減少“馬太效應(yīng)”的消極影響。 本文通過進行上述研究，為我國高�？茖W(xué)共同體的發(fā)展提供理論依據(jù)，希望我國高�？茖W(xué)共同體能夠造就科學(xué)進步的殿堂，構(gòu)建人才培養(yǎng)的搖藍，在實現(xiàn)我國科學(xué)技術(shù)跨越式發(fā)展的過程中發(fā)揮巨大的作用。
[Abstract]:Science is a kind of social undertaking, and the scientific community is a unique system in the scientific cause, a social system of science, and the main body engaged in the activities of scientific cognition. As a special form of the scientific community, the scientific community in colleges and universities is a special form of the scientific community. This paper attempts to study the construction of scientific community of higher learning in our country, analyze the problems that may exist in the course of its operation, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. It provides theoretical basis for perfecting management of higher education, management of scientific research, cultivation of innovative ideas and raising the level of science and technology. The first chapter is the introduction. It mainly introduces the current situation of the research on the scientific community in colleges and universities at home and abroad, and defines the concept of the paradigm and the two nouns of the scientific community: "paradigm" is what all members of a scientific community have in common. For example, common beliefs, common values, common theoretical frameworks and research methods, recognized scientific achievements and paradigms, etc. The second chapter is the basic theoretical research on the scientific community, which mainly revolves around the rise of the scientific community (from the rise of liberalism to the establishment of the scientific community). Competitiveness, organizational form (including invisible colleges and scientific schools, scientific societies and scientific research institutions, etc.) and functions (including promoting discipline intersection, maintaining normal competition and cooperation, etc.). Chapter 3 studies the current situation of the development of the scientific community in colleges and universities in China. It mainly revolves around the history of development (from the individual research stage to the research stage of the project group). Further to the current stage of scientific community research in colleges and universities, the characteristics (including environmental particularity, stability of objectives, mobility of members and duality of achievements, etc.), organizational forms (including hierarchical structure, functional structure, etc.). Working group structure and matrix structure. Chapter 4 studies the current situation of the scientific community in colleges and universities in our country. It mainly focuses on the social security system (including the operating status of fund input, personnel training and operation, etc.), the system of exchange and peer review (including the way of academic exchange, etc.). The model of peer review, the system of scientific reward (including the ways and means of reward, the principle of reward, etc.) and the system of social norm (including the composition and function of norm, etc.) are analyzed. The fifth chapter analyzes the problems that may exist in the operation of the scientific community of colleges and universities in our country. Taking the four aspects of chapter 4 as the emphasis, the author points out that the peer review has not formed the scientific paradigm, and the scientific reward system has the "Matthew effect" and so on. Chapter 6 puts forward the corresponding countermeasures according to the existing problems. For example, there are some inevitable reasons for the existence of Matthew effect in the scientific reward system. In the course of the construction of the scientific community in colleges and universities, we should correctly understand the positive influence brought by the Matthew effect. Establish reasonable and scientific social norms to reduce the negative effects of the Matthew effect. Through the above research, this paper provides the theoretical basis for the development of the scientific community of colleges and universities in our country. It is hoped that the scientific community of colleges and universities of our country can bring up the palace of scientific progress and construct the shake-blue of the cultivation of talents. In the realization of our country's science and technology leaps and bounds in the process of development play a huge role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G644

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