本文關(guān)鍵詞：青少年早中期職業(yè)規(guī)劃的發(fā)展及其與歸因的關(guān)系　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：個體在其一生的發(fā)展過程中會不斷地對未來進(jìn)行思考和規(guī)劃，而作為個體從兒童向成年發(fā)展的過渡時期，青少年期是集中思考并規(guī)劃未來的重要階段。職業(yè)規(guī)劃，就是個人發(fā)展與組織發(fā)展相結(jié)合，對決定人職業(yè)的主客觀因素進(jìn)行分析，確定一個人的事業(yè)奮斗目標(biāo)，并選擇實(shí)現(xiàn)這一事業(yè)目標(biāo)的職業(yè)，制訂相應(yīng)的工作、教育和培訓(xùn)的行動計劃，對每一步驟的時間、順序和方向做出合理的安排（羅雙平，1995）。青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃的研究歷史悠久，已有這方面的研究已經(jīng)取得了大量的成果。許多研究者已經(jīng)探討了青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃的性別、年級和專業(yè)等方面的差異，但是這些研究的結(jié)果不盡一致，并且鮮有研究探討青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃發(fā)展的差異問題。尤其是，研究者在探討青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃與認(rèn)知變量關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上，開始考察職業(yè)規(guī)劃與歸因的關(guān)系，希望通過研究為干預(yù)青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃提供有效的信息。但仔細(xì)分析已有研究可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃的發(fā)展及其與歸因的關(guān)系的研究大多是橫斷設(shè)計，很少有研究者通過縱向設(shè)計探討該問題。時至今日，依據(jù)發(fā)展情境論，從動態(tài)和系統(tǒng)的視角來探討青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃的發(fā)展以及青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃與歸因之間的關(guān)系對于推進(jìn)青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃方面的研究有重要的意義。 因此，本研究在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上，通過追蹤設(shè)計從濟(jì)南和煙臺選取了9所中學(xué)的1039名青少年期的中學(xué)生為被試，采用Nurmi青少年未來取向問卷（中文版）（張玲玲等，2006）考察青少年職業(yè)領(lǐng)域規(guī)劃過程的分問卷和考察職業(yè)規(guī)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)外部歸因的分問卷作為研究工具，通過問卷調(diào)查的方式收集了青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃和歸因的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。運(yùn)用重復(fù)測量的方差分析和交叉滯后回歸分析探討了青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)以及青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃與歸因的關(guān)系。研究所得的結(jié)論如下： 1、在總體水平上，從T1到T2這兩次測量的青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃水平呈現(xiàn)中等程度的相關(guān)，青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃發(fā)展的穩(wěn)定性程度比較高。 2、青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃發(fā)展的穩(wěn)定性程度存在年級和學(xué)校類型的顯著差異。高中青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃的穩(wěn)定性程度顯著大于初中青少年，重點(diǎn)中學(xué)青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃的穩(wěn)定性程度顯著大于普通中學(xué)青少年。青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃的穩(wěn)定性程度不存在顯著的性別和城鄉(xiāng)差異。 3、青少年早中期個體的職業(yè)規(guī)劃水平在性別、城鄉(xiāng)、年級和學(xué)校類型上不存在發(fā)展趨勢上的顯著差異，但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，，初中青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃水平顯著高于高中青少年，重點(diǎn)中學(xué)青少年的職業(yè)規(guī)劃水平顯著高于普通中學(xué)青少年，城市青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃水平顯著高于農(nóng)村青少年。而不同性別青少年的職業(yè)規(guī)劃水平不存在顯著差異。 4、在控制了前測的其它變量后，前期對于職業(yè)規(guī)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)部歸因能顯著地正向預(yù)測后期的職業(yè)規(guī)劃水平，前期的職業(yè)規(guī)劃水平也能顯著地正向預(yù)測后期對于職業(yè)規(guī)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)部歸因，兩者是一種雙向的影響模式。但是，青少年的職業(yè)規(guī)劃和外部歸因在總體的平均水平上以及在加入人口學(xué)變量之后的進(jìn)一步分析中也未發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者間存在顯著的預(yù)測關(guān)系。 5、性別和城鄉(xiāng)能夠顯著影響內(nèi)部歸因?qū)η嗌倌曷殬I(yè)規(guī)劃的預(yù)測作用。男生前期對于職業(yè)規(guī)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)部歸因能顯著地正向預(yù)測后期的職業(yè)規(guī)劃水平，而女生前期對于職業(yè)規(guī)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)部歸因不能顯著地正向預(yù)測后期的職業(yè)規(guī)劃水平；城市青少年前期對于職業(yè)規(guī)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)部歸因不能顯著地正向預(yù)測后期的職業(yè)規(guī)劃水平，而農(nóng)村青少年前期對于職業(yè)規(guī)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)部歸因能顯著地正向預(yù)測后期的職業(yè)規(guī)劃水平。 6、青少年職業(yè)規(guī)劃對內(nèi)部歸因的預(yù)測作用受年級和學(xué)校類型的影響不顯著。
[Abstract]:The individual will think and plan the future in the course of his life . As an individual , from the children to the transition period of adult development , the adolescence period is the important stage of thinking and planning the future . The career planning , which is the combination of personal development and organizational development , analyzes the subjective and objective factors that determine the occupation of the human person , determines a person ' s career goal , and chooses the action plan to realize this career goal , develops the corresponding action plan , and makes a reasonable arrangement for the time , order and direction of each step ( Luo Shuangping , 1995 ) . Many researchers have discussed the relationship between career planning and career planning , and it is hoped that the study will provide effective information for the development of young people ' s career planning . Therefore , on the basis of the research , 1039 middle school students from Jinan and Yantai were selected as the research tools , and the relationship between career planning and attribution of adolescents was analyzed by means of questionnaire survey . The relationship between career planning and career planning and attribution of adolescents was discussed by means of ANOVA and cross - lag regression analysis . The results of the study were as follows : 1 . At the overall level , the level of adolescent occupational planning measured twice from T1 to T2 shows a moderate degree of correlation , and the degree of stability of the development of youth career planning is relatively high . 2 . There is a significant difference in the level of stability and the type of school in the development of adolescent ' s career planning . The degree of stability of high school youth career planning is significantly higher than that of junior middle school adolescents , and the stability of junior high school youth career planning is significantly higher than that of middle school adolescents . There is no significant gender and rural difference in the degree of stability of adolescent occupation planning . 3 . There is no significant difference in the level of occupation planning in the middle school and middle school , but we find that the level of vocational planning in junior middle school is higher than that in middle school and middle school . 4 . After the control of other variables , the internal attribution of career planning can positively predict the level of career planning at the later stage , and the level of pre - career planning can also significantly positively predict the internal attribution of career planning in the later stage . Both are a two - way influence mode . However , there are no significant predictive relationships between the career planning and external attribution of adolescents in the overall average level and in the further analysis after the addition of the demographic variables . 5 . Gender and urban - rural areas can significantly influence the prediction function of the internal attribution to the young people ' s career planning . The internal attribution of the early male to the career planning can positively predict the post - career planning level . The internal attribution of the early stage of the urban youth to the career planning cannot significantly positively predict the post - career planning level , while the internal attribution of the early stage of the rural teenagers can significantly positively predict the level of career planning in the later stage . 6 . The effect of youth career planning on internal attribution is not significant by grade and school type .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G647.38

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