【摘要】：隨著知識經(jīng)濟時代的到來，人才尤其是創(chuàng)新型人才已逐漸成為衡量一個國家綜合實力和發(fā)展水平的重要指標。但是，和眾發(fā)達國家相比，我國目前的創(chuàng)新型人才總體發(fā)展情況還有很大的距離，尤其是創(chuàng)新型人才身上所體現(xiàn)出來的獨立性、自主性和個性化的特征不明顯。如何才能培養(yǎng)出符合社會發(fā)展需要的創(chuàng)新型人才，使我國在國際競爭中脫穎而出便成了一道亟需解決的重要難題。 從上世紀六七十年代開始，以美國為代表，在加拿大、澳大利亞等西方發(fā)達國家興起了一場對批判性思維及其能力培養(yǎng)的研究熱潮，，并將批判性思維列入到各級教育尤其是高等教育的培養(yǎng)目標中來。批判性思維是一種教人們?nèi)绾芜M行有效思考和解決問題的高級思維模式，它促使人們用懷疑的態(tài)度去看待問題，從而真正發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。它是創(chuàng)新型人才進行創(chuàng)新的敲門磚，是創(chuàng)新型人才創(chuàng)新的首要思維范式，對批判性思維的培養(yǎng)在很大程度上有助于創(chuàng)新能力的提高。因此，培養(yǎng)大學生的批判性思維應(yīng)該成為我國創(chuàng)新型人才教育中的一個重要組成部分。 鑒于此，本文以面向創(chuàng)新型人才的批判性思維培養(yǎng)為研究對象，立足于我國創(chuàng)新型人才，以批判性思維的培養(yǎng)為導(dǎo)向和目標，深入分析批判性思維和創(chuàng)新思維之間的密切聯(lián)系，進而得出批判性思維對創(chuàng)新型人才的不可或缺性。文中對我國大學生批判性思維的發(fā)展水平開展了實證調(diào)查，并對美國的批判性思維發(fā)展進行深入了解。文章最后從我國的批判性思維發(fā)展情況出發(fā)，結(jié)合美國值得我們學習和借鑒的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗，試圖從培養(yǎng)目標、教學模式、師資力量和校園文化環(huán)境這四個方面為我國的批判性思維培養(yǎng)工作提出建設(shè)性建議。
[Abstract]:With the arrival of the era of knowledge economy, talents, especially innovative talents, have gradually become an important index to measure the comprehensive strength and development level of a country. However, compared with the developed countries, there is still a long way to go in the overall development of innovative talents in our country, especially the independent, independent and individualized characteristics of innovative talents. How to cultivate innovative talents that meet the needs of social development and make our country stand out in international competition has become an important problem that needs to be solved. Since the 1960s and 1970s, with the United States as the representative, in Canada, Australia and other western developed countries, there has been a research boom on critical thinking and its ability development. And the critical thinking in all levels of education, especially in the higher education objectives. Critical thinking is a high-level mode of thinking that teaches people how to think and solve problems effectively, and it urges people to look at problems with a skeptical attitude and find problems. It is the key to innovation of innovative talents and the primary thinking paradigm of innovative talents. To a great extent, the cultivation of critical thinking helps to improve the ability of innovation. Therefore, the cultivation of critical thinking of college students should become an important part of innovative talent education in China. In view of this, this paper takes the cultivation of critical thinking for innovative talents as the research object, based on the innovative talents in our country, taking the cultivation of critical thinking as the direction and goal, and deeply analyzes the close relationship between critical thinking and innovative thinking. Furthermore, the author draws the conclusion that critical thinking is indispensable to creative talents. This paper makes an empirical investigation on the development level of critical thinking of college students in China and makes a deep understanding of the development of critical thinking in the United States. Finally, starting from the development of critical thinking in our country and combining the development experience of the United States that we should learn and learn from, we try to cultivate the goal and the teaching mode. The four aspects of teacher strength and campus culture environment provide constructive suggestions for the cultivation of critical thinking in our country.
【學位授予單位】：江西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G642

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