博茨瓦納大學(xué)通識(shí)教育：現(xiàn)狀、特點(diǎn)與問題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-19 07:19
【摘要】：隨著全球化趨勢的快速發(fā)展和社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的需求,高校人才培養(yǎng)模式也在發(fā)生著重大的變化。拓寬學(xué)生知識(shí)面,培養(yǎng)良好的創(chuàng)造能力和參與探究能力成為世界高等教育專業(yè)設(shè)置、課程計(jì)劃的發(fā)展趨勢和人才培養(yǎng)模式的主要任務(wù),其改革的基本趨勢就是突出通識(shí)教育的重要性。通識(shí)教育旨在幫助學(xué)生掌握廣泛的生存技能和可轉(zhuǎn)換的分析技巧,培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)公民,為國家建設(shè)提供主力軍。當(dāng)今時(shí)代通識(shí)教育越來越受到各國政府和高等教育界的重視。 發(fā)展中國家的通識(shí)教育能否獨(dú)立發(fā)展并惠及更多的學(xué)生,這是一個(gè)重要的問題。目前,國內(nèi)對(duì)高校通識(shí)教育的研究仍多以美國、日本、中國港臺(tái)等發(fā)達(dá)國家或地區(qū)為對(duì)象,較少關(guān)注發(fā)展中國家高校通識(shí)教育的發(fā)展,特別對(duì)非洲高校的通識(shí)教育研究少有人涉足。本文以非洲發(fā)展最成功的國家之一——博茨瓦納為例,深入研究該國唯一綜合公立型大學(xué)——博茨瓦納大學(xué)通識(shí)教育的現(xiàn)狀、特點(diǎn)與問題,以期獲得對(duì)非洲國家高校通識(shí)教育的深入了解,同時(shí)為我國高校通識(shí)教育實(shí)踐提供一個(gè)有益的外部視角并獲得一些有益的思考。 本論文包括六大部分。 緒論主要包括本研究的緣起、概念、目的、內(nèi)容、方法、意義以及對(duì)國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究的綜述。 正文第一部分主要梳理博茨瓦納大學(xué)通識(shí)教育的發(fā)展歷程。從建校初期功利主義思潮下通識(shí)教育尚未起步到通識(shí)教育在課程主輔修制的發(fā)展中孕育,繼而經(jīng)歷了2002年本科教育改革后通識(shí)教育的發(fā)展三個(gè)階段。其次,從國際、國家、院校和個(gè)人發(fā)展四個(gè)層面闡述21世紀(jì)以來博茨瓦納大學(xué)通識(shí)教育發(fā)展的時(shí)代背景。全球化趨勢的迅猛發(fā)展,國家社會(huì)和文化發(fā)展對(duì)通識(shí)教育的訴求,高教系統(tǒng)附屬院校模式的重要角色發(fā)揮以及實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人全面發(fā)展的目標(biāo)都不同程度地推動(dòng)了新世紀(jì)博茨瓦納大學(xué)通識(shí)教育的發(fā)展。 第二到四部分闡述博茨瓦納大學(xué)通識(shí)教育的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,課程層面博茨瓦納大學(xué)已經(jīng)形成較為完整鮮明的七大課程領(lǐng)域,模塊化的課程體系、能力導(dǎo)向的課程規(guī)劃,多樣化的課程類型,特色的隱性課程開發(fā)以及艾滋病防治教育。此外,通識(shí)必修課程師資安排集中化而選修課程的師資呈現(xiàn)分散化。管理層面博茨瓦納大學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)自治在通識(shí)教育發(fā)展中起著主導(dǎo)作用,政府和高教委主要通過政策引導(dǎo)間接影響其發(fā)展。 第五部分探討博茨瓦納大學(xué)通識(shí)教育發(fā)展面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和問題。由于博茨瓦納大學(xué)缺乏對(duì)通識(shí)教育的內(nèi)化理解而盲目移植他國模式,再加上國內(nèi)功利主義思潮盛行和課程開發(fā)忽視本土人文元素等多方面原因,通識(shí)教育的發(fā)展沒有內(nèi)化為本土模式,并呈現(xiàn)出后天發(fā)展的不成熟性和不完整性,面臨著許多問題和挑戰(zhàn),如,通識(shí)目標(biāo)的設(shè)定忽視對(duì)民族意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)和人類普世價(jià)值的傳播,師生理念與行為失衡發(fā)展；課程結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)失衡,課程模塊化分割不明確,課程內(nèi)容重疊和簡單；通識(shí)性人文課程本土指向性的缺失以及科系本位主義嚴(yán)重；管理層面國家意志和政府引導(dǎo)力的缺失以及高教附屬院校模式存在制約性；博茨瓦納大學(xué)通識(shí)教育的全國示范作用還尚未在其附屬高校內(nèi)得到發(fā)揮,通識(shí)教育專責(zé)機(jī)構(gòu)的職能不到位。 第六部分通過反思博茨瓦納大學(xué)通識(shí)教育現(xiàn)狀特點(diǎn)和問題提出幾點(diǎn)啟示和思考。對(duì)于廣大發(fā)展中國家來說,全球化背景下通識(shí)教育改革要從被動(dòng)適應(yīng)走向主動(dòng)駕馭,將完善通識(shí)課程的設(shè)置作為實(shí)現(xiàn)通識(shí)教育目標(biāo)的基本要素,立足于本國文化的傳承以及本國經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的客觀要求。在全球化與本土化的交鋒與博弈下,發(fā)展中國家高校通識(shí)教育的發(fā)展還面臨著很多問題。從價(jià)值取向和民族文化侵潤、本土課程開發(fā)到通識(shí)教育的良性管理與評(píng)估,都還需要經(jīng)歷改革和轉(zhuǎn)型。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the trend of globalization and the demand of social transformation, the mode of talent training in colleges and universities has undergone major changes. To widen the students' knowledge level, cultivate good creative ability and participate in the inquiry ability becomes the main task of the world higher education professional setting, the course plan development trend and the talent training mode, the basic trend of its reform is to highlight the importance of education. It aims at helping students master a wide range of survival skills and convertible analytical skills, train high-quality citizens and provide the main force for national construction. Nowadays, knowledge education is becoming more and more important in governments and higher education circles. It is important for developing countries to develop and benefit more students through independent development and to benefit more students At present, there are still many researches on the knowledge education in colleges and universities in the United States, Japan, Hong Kong Taiwan and other developed countries or regions, and less attention has been paid to the development of knowledge education in colleges and universities in developing countries. This article takes one of the most successful countries in Africa _ Botswana as an example, in-depth study on the present situation, characteristics and problems of the only comprehensive public university _ Botswana college education in the country, with a view to obtaining the in-depth knowledge education for African countries At the same time, it provides a useful external visual angle for the education practice of China's colleges and universities, and has some beneficial effects Think. This paper package The introduction mainly includes the concept, concept, purpose, content, method, meaning and domestic A review of the related studies. The first part of the body deals mainly with Botswana. From the early stage of utilitarianism in the early stage of the construction school, the knowledge education has not yet started to be bred in the development of the main and auxiliary system of the course and then went through the reform of the undergraduate education in 2002 The development of communication education has three stages. Secondly, it expounds the university of Botswana since the 21st century from four aspects: international, national, university and individual development. With the rapid development of the trend of globalization, the development of globalization, the appeal of the national social and cultural development to the education of communication, the important role of the model of the affiliated institutions of the system and the goal of realizing the overall development of the individual have contributed to the new century Bates. In the second to fourth part, the development status of Tongzhi education in Botswana has been expounded, and the university of Botswana has formed a complete and distinct field of seven major courses, a modular curriculum system, and capability guidance. Curriculum planning, variety of curriculum types, distinctive features The development of sex curriculum and the education of AIDS prevention and treatment. At the management level, the academic autonomy of the University of Botswana plays a leading role in the development of knowledge and education. To indirectly influence its development through policy guidance. Part V discusses Botsva Due to the lack of internalized understanding of the knowledge education, the university blindly transplanted his country mode, combined with the prevalence of domestic utilitarianism and the neglect of local humanistic elements in the course development. The development of knowledge education has not been internalized into local models, and presents the immaturity and non-integrity of the acquired development, and faces many problems and challenges, such as the setting of the cognitive goals, the neglect of the cultivation of national consciousness and the spread of the value of human beings, and the teacher's physiology. Unbalanced development of thinking and behavior; relative imbalance of curriculum structure, unclear curriculum modularization, overlapping and simple course contents; lack of local directivity in knowledge-based humanities course and serious degree; national will and government guidance force at the management level However, the national demonstration role of Tongzhi education in Botswana has not been obtained in its affiliated universities. The functions of the Task Force on Education and Education are not in place. The sixth part is through reflection on the University of Botswana On the background of globalization, education reform should be controlled from the passive adaptation to the initiative, and the setting of the knowledge-based curriculum should be regarded as the basic element of realizing the goal of self-knowledge education, which is based on the national paper. The inheritance of the globalization and the objective requirements of the national economy and social development. Under the competition and game of globalization and localization, the development In the middle of China, the development of knowledge education in colleges and universities faces a lot of problems. From the value orientation and national culture invasion run, the local curriculum development to the knowledge education
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G649.4
本文編號(hào)：2280515
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the trend of globalization and the demand of social transformation, the mode of talent training in colleges and universities has undergone major changes. To widen the students' knowledge level, cultivate good creative ability and participate in the inquiry ability becomes the main task of the world higher education professional setting, the course plan development trend and the talent training mode, the basic trend of its reform is to highlight the importance of education. It aims at helping students master a wide range of survival skills and convertible analytical skills, train high-quality citizens and provide the main force for national construction. Nowadays, knowledge education is becoming more and more important in governments and higher education circles. It is important for developing countries to develop and benefit more students through independent development and to benefit more students At present, there are still many researches on the knowledge education in colleges and universities in the United States, Japan, Hong Kong Taiwan and other developed countries or regions, and less attention has been paid to the development of knowledge education in colleges and universities in developing countries. This article takes one of the most successful countries in Africa _ Botswana as an example, in-depth study on the present situation, characteristics and problems of the only comprehensive public university _ Botswana college education in the country, with a view to obtaining the in-depth knowledge education for African countries At the same time, it provides a useful external visual angle for the education practice of China's colleges and universities, and has some beneficial effects Think. This paper package The introduction mainly includes the concept, concept, purpose, content, method, meaning and domestic A review of the related studies. The first part of the body deals mainly with Botswana. From the early stage of utilitarianism in the early stage of the construction school, the knowledge education has not yet started to be bred in the development of the main and auxiliary system of the course and then went through the reform of the undergraduate education in 2002 The development of communication education has three stages. Secondly, it expounds the university of Botswana since the 21st century from four aspects: international, national, university and individual development. With the rapid development of the trend of globalization, the development of globalization, the appeal of the national social and cultural development to the education of communication, the important role of the model of the affiliated institutions of the system and the goal of realizing the overall development of the individual have contributed to the new century Bates. In the second to fourth part, the development status of Tongzhi education in Botswana has been expounded, and the university of Botswana has formed a complete and distinct field of seven major courses, a modular curriculum system, and capability guidance. Curriculum planning, variety of curriculum types, distinctive features The development of sex curriculum and the education of AIDS prevention and treatment. At the management level, the academic autonomy of the University of Botswana plays a leading role in the development of knowledge and education. To indirectly influence its development through policy guidance. Part V discusses Botsva Due to the lack of internalized understanding of the knowledge education, the university blindly transplanted his country mode, combined with the prevalence of domestic utilitarianism and the neglect of local humanistic elements in the course development. The development of knowledge education has not been internalized into local models, and presents the immaturity and non-integrity of the acquired development, and faces many problems and challenges, such as the setting of the cognitive goals, the neglect of the cultivation of national consciousness and the spread of the value of human beings, and the teacher's physiology. Unbalanced development of thinking and behavior; relative imbalance of curriculum structure, unclear curriculum modularization, overlapping and simple course contents; lack of local directivity in knowledge-based humanities course and serious degree; national will and government guidance force at the management level However, the national demonstration role of Tongzhi education in Botswana has not been obtained in its affiliated universities. The functions of the Task Force on Education and Education are not in place. The sixth part is through reflection on the University of Botswana On the background of globalization, education reform should be controlled from the passive adaptation to the initiative, and the setting of the knowledge-based curriculum should be regarded as the basic element of realizing the goal of self-knowledge education, which is based on the national paper. The inheritance of the globalization and the objective requirements of the national economy and social development. Under the competition and game of globalization and localization, the development In the middle of China, the development of knowledge education in colleges and universities faces a lot of problems. From the value orientation and national culture invasion run, the local curriculum development to the knowledge education
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G649.4
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