【摘要】：親社會(huì)行為——傾向?qū)λ擞欣淖栽感袨?對(duì)于個(gè)體以及群體之間相互作用的質(zhì)量是非常重要的。人們或許由于自我中心的、他人取向的或?qū)嶋H關(guān)心等多種因素(Boxer,Tisak,Goldstein,2004;Eisenberg,1986)而做出親社會(huì)行為。由于受到20世紀(jì)90年代末積極心理學(xué)浪潮的影響,人們?nèi)找骊P(guān)注人類發(fā)展的積極方面,各國(guó)發(fā)展心理學(xué)家從不同的角度對(duì)親社會(huì)行為進(jìn)行了深入的探討。對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的研究不僅能夠揭示個(gè)體親社會(huì)行為發(fā)展的一般特征,而且能夠更深入的了解影響親社會(huì)行為的各種因素以及各因素之間的相互作用,從而為幼兒親社會(huì)行為的培養(yǎng)提供理論基礎(chǔ)。在個(gè)體行為的形成與發(fā)展中,情緒發(fā)揮著重要的作用,尤其是移情情緒。而關(guān)于移情與親社會(huì)行為的關(guān)系研究揭示了移情這一因素在親社會(huì)行為中的復(fù)雜作用,因此本次研究將再次聚焦移情這一因素對(duì)親社會(huì)行為的影響。在研究對(duì)象的選擇上,以往研究多集中于幼兒,探討幼兒移情在親社會(huì)行為中的作用,很少關(guān)注父母特質(zhì)、情感反應(yīng),尤其是母親移情水平與幼兒親社會(huì)行為之間的關(guān)系,而研究表明了母親的情感尤其是積極情感對(duì)于兒童親社會(huì)行為的早期表現(xiàn)具有重要的作用,因此本次研究將從幼兒、母親這兩個(gè)對(duì)象出發(fā),分析母親移情、幼兒移情與親社會(huì)行為的關(guān)系。另外,家庭作為幼兒出生的第一個(gè)生活場(chǎng)所,其對(duì)幼兒社會(huì)化的影響是被一致認(rèn)同的,而其中父母教養(yǎng)方式對(duì)幼兒親社會(huì)行為的影響最為關(guān)鍵。而母親相比較父親而言,在兒童早期行為發(fā)展中起著更為關(guān)鍵的作用,因此,在本研究中將從母親教養(yǎng)方式這一因素出發(fā),分析其與幼兒親社會(huì)行為的關(guān)系。親社會(huì)行為的影響機(jī)制是及其復(fù)雜的,以往的研究主要是探討某兩個(gè)因素與親社會(huì)行為的關(guān)系,而在本研究中將從母親、幼兒這一對(duì)象出發(fā),探討幼兒親社會(huì)行為發(fā)展的一般特征,并在此基礎(chǔ)上分析母親移情、母親教養(yǎng)方式、幼兒移情與幼兒親社會(huì)行為之間的關(guān)系。本研究將采用分層整群抽樣法,從安徽,江蘇,北京多所幼兒園抽取173名幼兒作為被試,采用長(zhǎng)處與困難問(wèn)卷(SDQ)考察幼兒親社會(huì)行為,采用人際反應(yīng)指針量表(IRI-C)、教養(yǎng)方式評(píng)價(jià)量表(EMBU)測(cè)量母親移情水平和教養(yǎng)方式,采用四類心理理論任務(wù)考察幼兒移情水平。研究結(jié)論表明:第一,幼兒親社會(huì)行為存在年齡差異,不存在性別差異,幼兒親社會(huì)行為隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而增加;第二,幼兒移情存在年齡差異,移情水平隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而提高;幼兒移情與親社會(huì)行為呈顯著正相關(guān),并顯著正向預(yù)測(cè)幼兒親社會(huì)行為的發(fā)展;第三,母親觀點(diǎn)采擇與親社會(huì)行為呈顯著正相關(guān),且顯著正向預(yù)測(cè)幼兒親社會(huì)行為,幼兒移情在母親觀點(diǎn)采擇與親社會(huì)行為中不起中介作用;第四,母親情感溫暖/理解顯著正向預(yù)測(cè)幼兒親社會(huì)行為,幼兒移情在母親情感溫暖/理解與親社會(huì)行為中起完全中介作用,
[Abstract]:Pro-social behavior-voluntary behavior that tends to benefit others is important for the quality of interactions between individuals and groups. People may have prosocial behavior due to a variety of factors, such as egocentric, other-oriented, or actual care (Boxer Tisakin2004 / Eisenberg1986). Due to the influence of positive psychology at the end of 1990s, people pay more and more attention to the positive aspects of human development. The study of this problem can not only reveal the general characteristics of the development of individual pro-social behavior, but also better understand the various factors affecting pro-social behavior and their interaction. So as to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of children's pro-social behavior. Emotion plays an important role in the formation and development of individual behavior, especially empathy. The research on the relationship between empathy and pro-social behavior reveals the complex role of empathy in pro-social behavior, so this study will focus again on the influence of empathy on pro-social behavior. In the selection of subjects, the previous studies focused on young children, explored the role of empathy in pro-social behavior, and paid little attention to the relationship between parental traits, emotional responses, especially the level of maternal empathy and pro-social behavior. The study shows that the mother's emotion, especially the positive emotion, plays an important role in the early performance of children's pro-social behavior, so this study will analyze the mother's empathy from the two subjects of infant and mother. The relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior. In addition, as the first place of children's life, the influence of family on children's socialization is unanimously recognized, and the influence of parental rearing style on children's pro-social behavior is the most important. Compared with fathers, mothers play a more important role in the development of children's early behavior. Therefore, the relationship between mothers' rearing style and children's pro-social behavior will be analyzed in this study. The influence mechanism of prosocial behavior is extremely complex. Previous studies have mainly explored the relationship between two factors and prosocial behavior. This paper discusses the general characteristics of children's pro-social behavior development, and on this basis, analyzes the relationship between mother's empathy, mother's rearing style, children's empathy and children's pro-social behavior. Using stratified cluster sampling method, 173 children were selected from many kindergartens in Anhui, Jiangsu and Beijing as subjects, and the prosocial behavior of children was investigated by using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Interpersonal reaction pointer scale (IRI-C) and rearing style evaluation scale (EMBU) were used to measure the empathic level and rearing style of mothers. Four kinds of psychological tasks were used to investigate the empathy level of young children. The results show that: first, there are age differences in children's pro-social behavior, there is no gender difference, and children's pro-social behavior increases with the increase of age; second, there are age differences in children's empathy. The level of empathy increased with the increase of age, the relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior was significantly positive, and the development of prosocial behavior was positively predicted. Third, the maternal viewpoint selection was significantly positively correlated with pro-social behavior. And significant positive prediction of children's pro-social behavior, children empathy in the mother's viewpoint of choice and pro-social behavior play an intermediary role; fourth, the mother's emotional warmth / understanding significantly positive prediction of children's pro-social behavior, Empathy plays a completely mediating role in mother's emotional warmth / understanding and prosocial behavior.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B844.12

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