本文選題：道德偽善 + 社會(huì)距離　； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在心理學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域,有關(guān)道德偽善的研究已很普遍,影響因素和實(shí)驗(yàn)范式的差異,也在不同程度上拓展了道德偽善的理論及實(shí)證研究。根據(jù)社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)理論及社會(huì)影響理論,社會(huì)距離對(duì)道德偽善會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響,根據(jù)認(rèn)知失調(diào)理論和雙加工理論,認(rèn)知啟動(dòng)也會(huì)影響道德偽善,然而初中生群體是否也存在道德偽善并且受社會(huì)距離和公平評(píng)價(jià)啟動(dòng)因素的影響,目前尚缺乏驗(yàn)證性的研究。因此,本研究在初中生被試群體背景下進(jìn)行了預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)及兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)主要證實(shí)了心理距離操作的有效性;實(shí)驗(yàn)一結(jié)合心理距離的確定及個(gè)體層面的道德偽善范式,以考察不同社會(huì)距離條件下,個(gè)體的言行存在怎樣的差異;實(shí)驗(yàn)二以考察不同評(píng)價(jià)啟動(dòng)條件下,個(gè)體在自我和他人同一公平和不公平行為上道德評(píng)價(jià)的不一致情形,即雙重道德評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的存在,結(jié)論為:(1)在初中生被試群體中,與以往研究的大學(xué)生及小學(xué)生被試群體一樣存在道德偽善,表明了道德偽善在群體間的普適性;(2)不同社會(huì)距離能夠影響個(gè)體層面的道德偽善,近社會(huì)距離他人在場(chǎng)條件下,被試會(huì)通過(guò)適度降低自身利益所得來(lái)維護(hù)好自身形象;在陌生人面前,則不會(huì)相同程度的在意形象,而會(huì)繼續(xù)追求自身利益。這表明相對(duì)近的社會(huì)距離會(huì)減少個(gè)體層面的道德偽善。(3)不同評(píng)價(jià)啟動(dòng)能夠影響人際層面的道德偽善,在公平評(píng)價(jià)啟動(dòng)條件下,個(gè)體對(duì)自我和他人行為進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)會(huì)采用相對(duì)公平公正的態(tài)度,即對(duì)于自我和他人公平和不公平行為進(jìn)行道德評(píng)價(jià)時(shí),會(huì)通過(guò)提高對(duì)他人公平和不公平行為的道德性評(píng)分來(lái)減少與對(duì)自身相應(yīng)行為評(píng)分的差距,以減少人際道德偽善。在利己評(píng)價(jià)啟動(dòng)條件和控制條件下,則不會(huì)產(chǎn)生這樣的影響。這表明公平評(píng)價(jià)啟動(dòng)會(huì)減少人際層面的道德偽善。這兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了近社會(huì)距離和公平評(píng)價(jià)啟動(dòng)會(huì)減少道德偽善的效應(yīng);同時(shí)在一定程度上表明了初中生群體存在道德偽善現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:In the field of psychology, the research on moral hypocrisy is very common, and the differences of influencing factors and experimental paradigms also expand the theoretical and empirical research on moral hypocrisy to varying degrees. According to social learning theory and social influence theory, social distance has an impact on moral hypocrisy. According to cognitive maladjustment theory and double processing theory, cognitive initiation also affects moral hypocrisy. However, whether there is moral hypocrisy among junior high school students and whether it is influenced by social distance and the priming factors of fair evaluation is still lack of confirmatory research. Therefore, this study carried out pre-experiment and two experiments in the background of the group of junior high school students, which mainly confirmed the validity of psychological distance operation, the first experiment combined with the determination of psychological distance and the moral hypocrisy paradigm at the individual level. In order to investigate the differences of individual words and deeds under different social distance conditions, the second experiment is to examine the inconsistency of individual moral evaluation in the same fair and unfair behavior of self and others under different evaluation priming conditions. That is, the existence of double moral evaluation standard, the conclusion is: 1) moral hypocrisy exists in the group of junior high school students, which is similar to the former study of college students and primary school students. It shows that moral hypocrisy can affect the moral hypocrisy at the individual level in different social distances. When the social distance is close to the presence of others, the subjects will maintain their own image by moderately reducing their own profits. In front of strangers, they will not care about image to the same extent, but will continue to pursue their own interests. This indicates that relatively close social distance can reduce moral hypocrisy at individual level. 3) different evaluation priming can influence moral hypocrisy at interpersonal level. Under the condition of fair evaluation priming, When individuals evaluate themselves and others' behavior, they adopt a relatively fair and just attitude, that is, when they evaluate themselves and others' fair and unfair behaviors, By improving the moral score of fairness and injustice to others, we can reduce the gap between them and their own corresponding behavior, so as to reduce the hypocrisy of interpersonal morality. In self-interest evaluation of start-up conditions and control conditions, it will not have such an impact. This suggests that the initiation of fair evaluation reduces moral hypocrisy at the interpersonal level. These two experiments have proved that close social distance and fair evaluation can reduce the effect of moral hypocrisy, and at the same time, to some extent, the phenomenon of moral hypocrisy exists in junior high school students.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B844.2

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