發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-14 07:04

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：青少年同伴侵害與外化問題：氣質(zhì)的調(diào)節(jié)作用及性別差異　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 青少年 外化問題 同伴侵害 氣質(zhì)反應(yīng)性和意志控制 性別差異

【摘要】：外化問題是指具有明顯的外在表現(xiàn),以破壞性和違反社會規(guī)則為特點(diǎn)的行為。由于生理和社會生態(tài)背景的轉(zhuǎn)變,青少年期外化問題顯著增加。青少年外化問題與其當(dāng)前和未來的消極適應(yīng)結(jié)果有關(guān),如學(xué)業(yè)成績不良、物質(zhì)濫用、抑郁等。因此有必要對青少年外化問題的預(yù)測因素進(jìn)行考察,并在此基礎(chǔ)上加以干預(yù)。同伴侵害是青少年外化問題的重要預(yù)測因素。同伴侵害的兩種主要亞型——身體侵害和關(guān)系侵害——均會導(dǎo)致青少年外化問題的增加。根據(jù)個(gè)體環(huán)境交互作用模型,同伴侵害對于青少年外化問題的影響存在個(gè)體差異。以往研究揭示了氣質(zhì)的單一維度(如消極情緒性、意志控制)作為個(gè)體差異因素,在同伴侵害與外化問題關(guān)聯(lián)中的調(diào)節(jié)作用。然而,近年來的實(shí)證研究表明,氣質(zhì)的不同維度并非單獨(dú)的發(fā)揮作用,而是以聯(lián)合的方式共同作用,氣質(zhì)反應(yīng)性(如,易受挫性和恐懼)和意志控制間可能存在交互作用,因此有必要考察氣質(zhì)反應(yīng)性和意志控制的聯(lián)合作用在同伴侵害與外化問題關(guān)聯(lián)中的調(diào)節(jié)作用。此外,同伴侵害與氣質(zhì)的交互作用還存在潛在的性別差異�；诖�,本研究采用“中國兒童青少年追蹤研究”中的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上1226名高一青少年及其母親作為被試(青少年平均年齡16.22±0.34歲,男生621人),考察中國文化背景下同伴侵害對青少年外化問題的影響,氣質(zhì)反應(yīng)性(包括易受挫性和恐懼)和意志控制在同伴侵害——外化問題關(guān)聯(lián)中的調(diào)節(jié)作用以及潛在的性別差異模式。本研究中,青少年外化問題通過兒童行為核查表自我報(bào)告版測量,同伴侵害通過自我報(bào)告的多維侵害量表測量,氣質(zhì)通過早期青少年氣質(zhì)量表自我報(bào)告版中意志控制、易受挫性和恐懼三個(gè)分量表測量。所有量表均具有可接受的信效度。采用多元回歸分析和簡單斜率檢驗(yàn),本研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)身體侵害、關(guān)系侵害均與外化問題存在正向關(guān)聯(lián);(2)意志控制與外化問題存在顯著負(fù)向關(guān)聯(lián),易受挫性與外化問題存在正向關(guān)聯(lián),恐懼與外化問題無顯著關(guān)聯(lián);(3)易受挫性和意志控制可調(diào)節(jié)女生身體侵害與外化問題的關(guān)聯(lián),高易受挫性低意志控制的女生中,身體侵害與外化問題存在正向關(guān)聯(lián);(4)恐懼和意志控制可調(diào)節(jié)身體侵害、關(guān)系侵害與外化問題間的關(guān)系,高恐懼低意志控制的青少年中,身體侵害、關(guān)系侵害與外化問題存在正向關(guān)聯(lián)。本研究結(jié)果表明,高反應(yīng)性低意志控制的氣質(zhì)特點(diǎn)會增強(qiáng)同伴侵害與外化問題的聯(lián)系,但增強(qiáng)效應(yīng)可能具有情境性�？謶趾鸵庵究刂颇軌蛘{(diào)節(jié)一般的壓力環(huán)境與外化問題的關(guān)系,但是易受挫性和意志控制僅調(diào)節(jié)低頻的、高強(qiáng)度的、引發(fā)憤怒的壓力環(huán)境(如,女生的身體侵害)與外化問題的關(guān)系。本研究的結(jié)果提示我們,未來針對受侵害兒童的干預(yù)項(xiàng)目在實(shí)施過程中,要關(guān)注青少年氣質(zhì)的作用。
[Abstract]:Externalization problem refers to the behavior with obvious external manifestation, which is characterized by destructive and social violation of rules, because of the change of physiological and social ecological background. Adolescent externalization problem increased significantly. Adolescent externalization problem is related to their current and future negative adaptation results, such as poor academic performance, substance abuse. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the predictive factors of adolescent externalization problems. Peer aggression is an important predictor of adolescent externalization. Two main subtypes of peer aggression-physical aggression and relationship aggression-will lead to the increase of externalization problems. According to the individual environment interaction model. There are individual differences in the influence of peer aggression on adolescent externalization. Previous studies have revealed that the single dimension of temperament (such as negative emotion, will control) as individual differences. However, empirical studies in recent years have shown that the different dimensions of temperament play a role not alone, but in a joint way. There may be interaction between temperament reactivity (E. G. frustration and fear) and will control. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the role of the combined role of temperament reactivity and will control in the relationship between peer aggression and externalization. There are also potential gender differences in the interaction between peer aggression and temperament. In this study, 1226 senior high school adolescents and their mothers were used as subjects at a time point in the Chinese Children and adolescents tracking study (the average age of adolescents was 16.22 鹵0.34 years old). Male 621 students investigated the influence of peer abuse on the externalization of adolescents in Chinese cultural background. The regulatory role of temperament reactivity (including frustration and fear) and will control in the association of peer invasion-externalization problems and the underlying gender difference patterns. Adolescent externalization was measured by the self-report version of the children's behavior check table, peer abuse was measured by the multi-dimensional aggression scale of self-report, and temperament was controlled by will in the self-report version of the early adolescence temperament scale. Three subscales of vulnerability to frustration and fear were measured. All scales had acceptable reliability and validity. By using multiple regression analysis and simple slope test, the study found that: 1) physical invasion. There is a positive correlation between relationship infringement and externalization. (2) there is a significant negative correlation between will control and externalization, a positive correlation between vulnerability and externalization, and no significant correlation between fear and externalization; 3) the relationship between physical aggression and externalization of female students can be adjusted by easily thwarting and will control, and there is a positive correlation between physical aggression and externalization in girls with high vulnerable and low will control. (4) fear and will control can adjust the physical aggression, the relationship between the relationship infringement and the externalization problem, the high fear low will control young people, the body encroachment. There is a positive correlation between relationship infringement and externalization. The results of this study show that the temperament characteristics of high reactive low will control can enhance the relationship between peer aggression and externalization. But reinforcement effect may be situational. Fear and will control can adjust the relationship between general stress environment and externalization problem, but easily thwarted and will control only low frequency and high intensity. The relationship between irritating stress (for example, girls' physical abuse) and externalization. The results of this study suggest that future intervention programs for children who have been violated are in the process of being implemented. Attention should be paid to the role of youth temperament.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.2

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