本文關(guān)鍵詞：重慶市城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率研究　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 義務(wù)教育 統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng) 教育經(jīng)費(fèi) 數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析 使用效率

【摘要】：我國城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育的不均衡狀況由來已久,其原因涉及到諸多方面,但是經(jīng)費(fèi)問題無疑是其中的重要一環(huán)。教育經(jīng)費(fèi)問題一般包含三個(gè)方面,其一是“從哪兒來”;其二則是“怎么分”;其三是“怎么用”。目前圍繞城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的前兩個(gè)問題相關(guān)研究可謂汗牛充棟,我國政府也找到了較為有效地方法,在保證經(jīng)費(fèi)的來源同時(shí)公平有效地進(jìn)行分配,但涉及到教育經(jīng)費(fèi)在城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)的使用效率現(xiàn)狀研究成果則相對較少。教育經(jīng)費(fèi)在城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)的高效使用既可以保障經(jīng)費(fèi)投入向農(nóng)村地區(qū)傾斜這一方針的合理性,也可以促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育更好更快的達(dá)到均衡目標(biāo)。重慶市作為統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)教育綜合配套改革試驗(yàn)區(qū),是踐行城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展的“排頭兵”,因此對于重慶市城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率的研究具有代表性。本文通過文獻(xiàn)分析法在明確界定義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了反應(yīng)義務(wù)教育教育屬性、服務(wù)屬性的非營利性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。與此同時(shí),采用了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法引入了數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析方法(DEA)以及Malmquist指數(shù),建立了義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率的測評面板數(shù)據(jù)、截面數(shù)據(jù)模型,對城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的使用效率進(jìn)行測量,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)在2008-2013這六年當(dāng)中重慶市義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率進(jìn)步緩慢,全要素生產(chǎn)率變化值在0.9左右徘徊,制約其前進(jìn)的主要因素是經(jīng)費(fèi)的技術(shù)能力。其中城市與農(nóng)村的義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率持平,但是農(nóng)村有明顯向好的趨勢,城市地區(qū)有普遍衰退的趨勢,經(jīng)過均值t檢驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)其主要原因也是由于經(jīng)費(fèi)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步差異造成的,差值達(dá)到了5%。(2)重慶市縣域內(nèi)城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率總體差異性不大,差異集中在DEA有效占比城鄉(xiāng)差距為21.6%。這說明總體上城鄉(xiāng)之間的經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率趨同,而城市地區(qū)高效使用經(jīng)費(fèi)的地區(qū)數(shù)量較多,所以義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)效率的縣域內(nèi)均衡已不是追求總體效率的均衡,而應(yīng)該是更進(jìn)一步提升農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率的DEA有效性占比,使得更多農(nóng)村地區(qū)能高效的使用教育經(jīng)費(fèi)�？h域間的經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率總體差異較為明顯,主城區(qū)地區(qū)經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率略低,渝東北、渝東南地區(qū)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率優(yōu)勢較大;(3)從經(jīng)費(fèi)管理上看,城市地區(qū)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)DEA有效占比與純技術(shù)有效占比的累加值均為56.7%,說明城鄉(xiāng)內(nèi)部的教育經(jīng)費(fèi)管理能力基本一致,而縣域間的純技術(shù)有效與DEA有效占比累加值差異明顯,說明目前經(jīng)費(fèi)管理能力的差異主要集中在縣域之間;(4)從經(jīng)費(fèi)投入的適當(dāng)性來看,重慶市縣域內(nèi)城市與農(nóng)村的規(guī)模效率均值差異較大,結(jié)合上一條結(jié)論我們可以得出造成城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率差距的主要原因是縣域內(nèi)城鄉(xiāng)之間義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入的規(guī)模,這六年來,雖然城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)在投入規(guī)模進(jìn)步率上是沒有顯著差異,但是由于農(nóng)村本身在初始階段投入就明顯低于城市,因此要在投入規(guī)模效率上達(dá)到城鄉(xiāng)一致,還需要提升農(nóng)村教育經(jīng)費(fèi)規(guī)模效率變化。同時(shí)由于區(qū)域之間的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入規(guī)模效率差異不大,因此說明造成區(qū)域間義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率差異的主要原因是教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的管理能力差異;(5)不論是城市地區(qū)還是農(nóng)村地區(qū)規(guī)模遞減的情況都十分明顯,這說明重慶市大部分地區(qū)義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的投入處于冗余的狀態(tài)。本文的新意在于:一是首次在統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)背景下引入義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的使用效率這一評價(jià)指標(biāo),彌補(bǔ)了前人對于城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)研究的一塊空白;二是從義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的使用效率入手,以逆向思維的方式研究了城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的分配問題,與過去從投入端研究教育經(jīng)費(fèi)分配問題形成了鮮明的對比。本文的難點(diǎn)在于缺乏統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)背景下教育經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率的相關(guān)研究,因此對于結(jié)果的分析存在一定難度,同時(shí)由于數(shù)據(jù)的可得性原因,在指標(biāo)的選取過程中要使得指標(biāo)在可得的情況下具有代表性。
[Abstract]:Long-standing imbalance in China's urban and rural compulsory education, its reason involves many aspects, but the funds is undoubtedly one of the important part. The problem of education funds generally includes three aspects, one is the "where"; the second is the "how"; the third is the "how to use" the former. The two focuses on the problem of funds for compulsory education in urban and rural areas of our country government is an immense number of books, also found a more effective method to ensure the source of funding and the equitable and efficient allocation, but involves funding for education in urban and rural areas use efficiency status of research is relatively small. The efficient use of funds for education in urban and rural areas not only can guarantee the rationality of the policy funds tilt to rural areas, but also can promote better and faster to achieve the equalization of urban and rural compulsory education in Chongqing city as the target. To raise the city Rural education comprehensive reform pilot area, is the practice of urban and rural compulsory education balanced development of the "vanguard", the representative for the study of efficiency in the use of funds of compulsory education in urban and rural areas of Chongqing city. Through the literature analysis method based on the definition of compulsory education expenditure efficiency, build a reaction of compulsory education education, evaluation index the system efficiency in the use of education funds of nonprofit service properties. At the same time, using the statistical analysis method introduced the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index, established the evaluation panel data teaching efficiency of compulsory educational funds, cross section data model, measurement, for the efficient use of funds for compulsory education in urban and rural areas showed that: (1) 2008-2013 in these six years of compulsory education funds in Chongqing city efficiency progress is slow, the TFP change value of around 0.9. Wandering along the main factors restricting its technical ability. The city funds and rural compulsory education funds use efficiency unchanged, but in rural areas have obvious positive trend, the city area is generally declining trend, by means of t test found that the main reason is caused by the difference of the technology progress in funding, the difference reached 5%. (2) but the overall efficiency of differences in the use of Chongqing city within the county urban and rural compulsory education funds, the difference on DEA effective proportion of the gap between urban and rural areas is 21.6%. which shows the overall efficiency in the use of funds between urban and rural areas of convergence, and the efficient use of funds in a large number of city area, so the efficiency of compulsory education expenditure within the county is not balanced the pursuit of the overall efficiency of the balance, and DEA should be more effective to further enhance the efficiency of the use of education funds in rural areas accounted for more rural areas Efficient use of education funds. Between the county budget efficiency overall difference is obvious, urban area funds use efficiency is slightly lower, northeast of Chongqing, Chongqing southeast education funds use efficiency greater advantages; (3) from the funds management, city and rural area DEA ratio and the proportion of pure technical efficiency the cumulative values were 56.7%, illustrate the management ability of education funds within urban and rural areas are basically the same, but the pure technical efficiency and DEA efficiency among counties accounted for the cumulative value significantly, indicating differences in current fund management ability mainly concentrated in the county; (4) from the appropriate funding, the scale efficiency of city and the difference of the mean rural county in Chongqing city with a large, we can conclude by use of funds efficiency gap in urban and rural areas is the main reason of compulsory education funds between urban and rural areas within the county. Die, this is six years, although the city and rural areas in the scale of progress rate were no significant difference, but because the rural itself in the initial stage of investment is significantly lower than the city, so to achieve the consistency in the urban and rural investment scale efficiency, but also need to improve the rural education expenditure scale efficiency change. At the same time due to the size difference input efficiency the area between the funds, so that the main reasons of the difference between the use efficiency of regional compulsory education funds is the difference in education management ability; (5) whether the city area is decreasing in rural areas the scale are very obvious, this shows that the funds for compulsory education in most areas of Chongqing city investment in the redundant state. The innovation of this paper is that: one is the efficient use of funds for compulsory education was first introduced in the context of urban and rural the evaluation index, makes up for the urban and rural areas A piece of blank in the research of education funding obligations; two is to start from the efficiency in the use of funds for compulsory education, the allocation of urban and rural compulsory education funds to reverse the way of thinking, and from the end of last investment education funds allocation problem in stark contrast. The difficulty lies in the lack of relevant research on the efficiency of education funds and manpower background the urban and rural, so the analysis for the results of a certain degree of difficulty, and because of the availability of data, in the selection of indicators in the index of the representative in the available.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G526.7

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