晚清來華西方人漢語學(xué)習(xí)與研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-05 07:30
【摘要】： 1807年馬禮遜來華傳教,標(biāo)志著基督教新教在華傳教事業(yè)的開端,同時(shí)也正式揭開了晚清來華西方人漢語學(xué)習(xí)與研究的序幕。面對(duì)種種不利因素,馬禮遜憑借其堅(jiān)忍不拔的意志和不懈努力,很快掌握漢語并終成一代漢學(xué)大師。多年在華傳教經(jīng)歷讓馬禮遜意識(shí)到,漢語學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)確保在華傳教的順利進(jìn)行至關(guān)重要,為此他一方面大力呼吁推廣漢語學(xué)習(xí),另一方面積極創(chuàng)辦漢語培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)推廣漢語教學(xué)。此外,馬禮遜還編纂了中國(guó)第一部漢英、英漢字典、首次將《圣經(jīng)》全文翻譯成中文,并出版多部漢語研究論著,為日后來華西方人漢語學(xué)習(xí)與研究提供了巨大幫助。 繼馬禮遜之后,英、美等國(guó)來華傳教士也紛紛加入到漢語學(xué)習(xí)與研究大潮中來。由美部會(huì)來華傳教士裨治文創(chuàng)辦的中國(guó)境內(nèi)第一份英文報(bào)刊《中國(guó)叢報(bào)》以較為客觀公正的報(bào)道和豐富翔實(shí)的史料,很快便成為這一時(shí)期西方了解、認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)的主要媒介。從1832年創(chuàng)刊至1851年�？�,來華傳教士們以《中國(guó)叢報(bào)》為交流平臺(tái),撰寫、發(fā)表了大量研究性文章,從多個(gè)角度對(duì)漢語學(xué)習(xí)與研究等問題展開熱烈討論,掀起了一輪漢語學(xué)習(xí)、研究熱潮,其研究成果在很大程度上代表了這一時(shí)期來華西方人漢語學(xué)習(xí)與研究的最高水平。 兩次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)迫使中國(guó)門戶漸次開放。隨著傳教活動(dòng)日益深入到中國(guó)各地,來華傳教士們不得不面對(duì)中國(guó)的眾多方言,于是方言學(xué)習(xí)和研究又成為這一時(shí)期來華傳教士漢語學(xué)習(xí)與研究的新特點(diǎn)。另一方面,西方各國(guó)在華設(shè)立領(lǐng)事館,出于自身職業(yè)需求,來華外交官們亦加入到漢語學(xué)習(xí)與研究浪潮中,其中又以英國(guó)外交官威妥瑪、翟理斯的研究最為突出。此外,這一時(shí)期漢語培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)的蓬勃發(fā)展,也有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)了來華西方人漢語學(xué)習(xí)模式從個(gè)體學(xué)習(xí)為主向以學(xué)校為中心的課程教育之轉(zhuǎn)變。 作為晚清時(shí)期形成的一種特殊的中、英混合語言,“別琴英語”無論在語音、詞匯以及語法等方面均深受漢語語言影響。因此,“別琴英語”在解決中西民間交往語言障礙的同時(shí),也成為來華西方人認(rèn)識(shí)、了解漢語的一種特殊渠道。 從歷史的角度對(duì)晚清來華西方人漢語學(xué)習(xí)與研究進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理和總結(jié),不僅能夠填補(bǔ)學(xué)術(shù)界在該領(lǐng)域的空缺,完善學(xué)科發(fā)展;還能為今天西方人學(xué)習(xí)漢語提供豐富、珍貴的歷史文獻(xiàn)資料和經(jīng)驗(yàn),同時(shí)對(duì)當(dāng)代對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)理論的深化也具有十分重要的借鑒和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:In 1807, Maleson came to China to preach, marking the beginning of Protestantism in China and the prelude to the study and study of Chinese by Westerners in the late Qing Dynasty. In the face of all kinds of unfavorable factors, Morrison, with his perseverance and unremitting efforts, quickly mastered Chinese and eventually became a master of Sinology. Many years of missionary experience in China made Malleson realize that Chinese learning is very important to ensure the smooth progress of missionary teaching in China. Therefore, on the one hand, he strongly calls for the promotion of Chinese learning, on the other hand, he actively establishes Chinese training institutions to promote Chinese teaching. In addition, Maleson compiled the first Chinese-English dictionary, translated the Bible into Chinese for the first time, and published a number of works on Chinese studies, which provided great help for westerners to study and study Chinese in the future. After Malleson, missionaries from Britain, America and other countries joined the tide of Chinese learning and research. The first English newspaper, the China Crouch, founded by the missionaries of the American Ministry in China, with more objective and fair reports and rich historical materials, soon became the main medium for the western understanding and understanding of China in this period. From its inception in 1832 to its suspension in 1851, missionaries came to China to write and publish a large number of research-oriented articles on the basis of the "China Cong newspaper" as a platform for exchange, and to launch a heated discussion on issues such as Chinese learning and research from various angles, which set off a round of Chinese learning. The research results represent, to a large extent, the highest level of Chinese learning and research in Westerners in this period. The two Opium Wars forced the gradual opening of China's doors. With the spread of missionary activities to various parts of China, missionaries have to face many dialects in China, so the study and study of Chinese dialects has become a new feature of the study and study of Chinese language by missionaries in this period. On the other hand, the western countries set up consulates in China, out of their own professional needs, diplomats to China also joined in the wave of Chinese learning and research, in which the British diplomat Wade, Zhai Liz is the most prominent research. In addition, the vigorous development of Chinese training institutions in this period also effectively realized the transition from individual learning mode to school-based curriculum education. As a special mixed language of Chinese and English in the late Qing Dynasty, English is deeply influenced by Chinese language in phonetic, lexical and grammatical aspects. Therefore, while solving the language barrier of folk communication between China and the West, it has also become a special channel for westerners to know and understand Chinese. From the historical point of view, a systematic review and summary of the study and study of Chinese language coming to China in the late Qing Dynasty can not only fill the gap in the academic field and improve the development of the subject, but also provide a wealth for Westerners to learn Chinese today. The precious historical literature and experience also have very important reference and practical significance to the deepening of contemporary teaching theory of Chinese as a foreign language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：H195
本文編號(hào)：2252529
[Abstract]:In 1807, Maleson came to China to preach, marking the beginning of Protestantism in China and the prelude to the study and study of Chinese by Westerners in the late Qing Dynasty. In the face of all kinds of unfavorable factors, Morrison, with his perseverance and unremitting efforts, quickly mastered Chinese and eventually became a master of Sinology. Many years of missionary experience in China made Malleson realize that Chinese learning is very important to ensure the smooth progress of missionary teaching in China. Therefore, on the one hand, he strongly calls for the promotion of Chinese learning, on the other hand, he actively establishes Chinese training institutions to promote Chinese teaching. In addition, Maleson compiled the first Chinese-English dictionary, translated the Bible into Chinese for the first time, and published a number of works on Chinese studies, which provided great help for westerners to study and study Chinese in the future. After Malleson, missionaries from Britain, America and other countries joined the tide of Chinese learning and research. The first English newspaper, the China Crouch, founded by the missionaries of the American Ministry in China, with more objective and fair reports and rich historical materials, soon became the main medium for the western understanding and understanding of China in this period. From its inception in 1832 to its suspension in 1851, missionaries came to China to write and publish a large number of research-oriented articles on the basis of the "China Cong newspaper" as a platform for exchange, and to launch a heated discussion on issues such as Chinese learning and research from various angles, which set off a round of Chinese learning. The research results represent, to a large extent, the highest level of Chinese learning and research in Westerners in this period. The two Opium Wars forced the gradual opening of China's doors. With the spread of missionary activities to various parts of China, missionaries have to face many dialects in China, so the study and study of Chinese dialects has become a new feature of the study and study of Chinese language by missionaries in this period. On the other hand, the western countries set up consulates in China, out of their own professional needs, diplomats to China also joined in the wave of Chinese learning and research, in which the British diplomat Wade, Zhai Liz is the most prominent research. In addition, the vigorous development of Chinese training institutions in this period also effectively realized the transition from individual learning mode to school-based curriculum education. As a special mixed language of Chinese and English in the late Qing Dynasty, English is deeply influenced by Chinese language in phonetic, lexical and grammatical aspects. Therefore, while solving the language barrier of folk communication between China and the West, it has also become a special channel for westerners to know and understand Chinese. From the historical point of view, a systematic review and summary of the study and study of Chinese language coming to China in the late Qing Dynasty can not only fill the gap in the academic field and improve the development of the subject, but also provide a wealth for Westerners to learn Chinese today. The precious historical literature and experience also have very important reference and practical significance to the deepening of contemporary teaching theory of Chinese as a foreign language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：H195
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 于海闊;;普通話和方言在國(guó)際漢語教學(xué)中的定位[J];寧夏大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2012年03期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條
1 畢煥歡;基于WordNet和FrameNet的領(lǐng)域語義詞典的構(gòu)建研究[D];華中師范大學(xué);2011年
2 李苑;中美《望廈條約》簽訂前后美國(guó)人漢語學(xué)習(xí)的歷史考察[D];北京大學(xué);2012年
3 諸葛月新;翟理斯《百個(gè)最好的漢字》研究[D];上海師范大學(xué);2012年
4 王瑤;《文學(xué)書官話》(Mandarin Grammar)研究[D];南京師范大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2252529
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