本文選題：形容詞 + 習得��； 參考：《北京語言大學》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 形容詞在漢語詞類體系中占有十分重要的地位,形容詞的句法功能在漢語語法研究和對外漢語教學中都非常重要,作定語和作謂語是形容詞的主要功能。在形名搭配這一特殊的結構組合中,形容詞既可以作定語又可以作謂語,這為研究留學生習得形容詞的定語和謂語功能提供了新的視角,而且留學生在使用形名搭配時,會犯語義搭配和句法功能方面的錯誤,形名搭配同時兼顧句法和語義信息,也為我們研究留學生心理詞典中句法和語義關系提供了新的切入點。 本研究從形名搭配角度對“(漢語水平)詞匯等級大綱”中的128個甲級形容詞形成的267個形容詞義項進行評測分析,形成新類別下的甲級形容詞詞表,并對新類別下甲級形容詞的分布狀況做了統(tǒng)計分析,在此基礎上,從甲乙級詞表中選取不同類別的形容詞,結合句法違反和語義違反形名搭配類型,通過實驗研究的方法考察了留學生形容詞單向、單雙向意識以及句法和語義信息意識的形成和發(fā)展,得出以下結論: (1)從形容詞和名詞搭配的角度可以把形容詞分為:單向形容詞、單雙向形容詞和雙向形容詞,單向形容詞分為兩類:A+N類單向形容詞和N+A類單向形容詞。不同類別形容詞的特點不同。(2)不同類別的形容詞在甲級形容詞中的分布狀況不同,在音節(jié)和義項上呈現(xiàn)的特點不同。在甲級詞表中,雙向形容詞最多;單向形容詞次之,其中A+N類的個數(shù)要多于N+A類;單雙向形容詞最少。雙向形容詞在雙音節(jié)上占優(yōu)勢,多是本義或常用義;單向形容詞在單音節(jié)上占優(yōu)勢,單向形容詞中A+N類的義項比較單純和統(tǒng)一,N+A類的義項往往只是形容詞多個義項中的一個;單雙向形容詞在單音節(jié)上占優(yōu)勢,它的義項也多是常用義,但是具有多指向性。(3)留學生具有形容詞單向搭配和單雙向搭配的意識,隨著漢語水平的提高,這種意識不斷提高。(4)留學生在使用形容詞時具有了運用形容詞句法和語義信息的能力,隨著漢語水平的提高,這種能力不斷提高。(5)在形名搭配中,留學生對形容詞的習得過程是從語義到句法的漸進過程。語義信息貫穿于習得的全過程,起主要作用,句法信息是逐漸獲得的。(6)在習得形名搭配過程中,留學生在中高級階段出現(xiàn)了“僵化”和“高原期現(xiàn)象”,表現(xiàn)在留學生在單向、單雙向形容詞以及對句法和語義信息認知水平上的發(fā)展緩慢。 根據(jù)上述結論,我們認為對外漢語形容詞教學不是簡單的詞匯意義的教學,而應該結合不同類別形容詞的特點,根據(jù)形容詞的向進行教學,從而使留學生更好地習得形名搭配中的形容詞。
[Abstract]:Adjectives play a very important role in Chinese part of speech system. The syntactic function of adjectives is very important in the study of Chinese grammar and teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and attributive and predicate are the main functions of adjectives. In this special structural combination, adjectives can be both attributive and predicate, which provides a new perspective for studying the attributive and predicate functions of adjectives learned by foreign students. It can make mistakes in semantic collocations and syntactic functions. It also provides a new starting point for us to study the syntactic and semantic relationships in foreign students' psychological dictionaries. In this study, 267 adjective meanings of 128 Grade A adjectives in the outline of Vocabulary Grade (Chinese level) were evaluated and analyzed from the angle of collocation of form and name, and a lexical list of adjectives of Grade A was formed under the new category. On the basis of the statistical analysis of the distribution of the adjectives of Grade A under the new category, different categories of adjectives are selected from the thesaurus of Grade A and B, combined with syntactic violation and semantic violation. In this paper, the formation and development of unidirectional, syntactic and semantic information awareness of adjectives of foreign students are investigated by means of experimental research. The following conclusions are drawn: From the angle of adjective and noun collocation, adjectives can be divided into unidirectional adjectives, unidirectional adjectives and bidirectional adjectives, and one-way adjectives can be divided into two categories: 1. The characteristics of different adjectives are different. (2) the distribution of adjectives of different categories in class A adjectives is different, and the characteristics of syllables and meanings are different. The number of bidirectional adjectives is the most in the category A, followed by one-way adjectives, in which the number of category A N is more than that of category N, and the number of single adjectives is the least. Bidirectional adjectives are dominant in double syllables, most of them are original or commonly used meanings, and unidirectional adjectives are dominant in monosyllabic syllables. The meaning of category A and N in one-way adjectives is simple and unified. The meaning of category A is often only one of the multiple meanings of adjectives. The single and bidirectional adjectives are dominant in monosyllabic terms, and their meanings are also commonly used. However, the students have the consciousness of unidirectional collocation of adjectives and unidirectional collocations, and with the improvement of the Chinese level, With the improvement of Chinese level, the ability of using adjective syntactic and semantic information has been improved. The acquisition of adjectives by foreign students is a gradual process from semantics to syntax. Semantic information runs through the whole process of acquisition and plays a major role. Syntactic information is gradually acquired. (6) in the process of acquiring the collocation of form and name, foreign students appear "ossification" and "plateau period" in the middle and advanced stages, which is manifested in the one-way of foreign students. The development of single-directional adjectives and cognitive level of syntactic and semantic information is slow. According to the above conclusions, we think that the teaching of adjectives as a foreign language is not a simple teaching of lexical meaning, but should be combined with the characteristics of different types of adjectives, according to the orientation of adjectives. So that foreign students can better learn the adjectives in the collocation of form and name.
【學位授予單位】：北京語言大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：H195

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本文編號：1957259