本文選題：偏誤 + 事件��； 參考：《蘇州大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：目前，把字句的本體研究對(duì)有些現(xiàn)象不能作出很好的的解釋，體現(xiàn)在應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)局限就是不能很好地滿足對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)的需要。由于對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)對(duì)象的特殊性，找到把字句偏誤現(xiàn)象在認(rèn)知上的共性則可大大提高教學(xué)的效率。本文以認(rèn)知語義學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)，引進(jìn)Talmy的概念結(jié)構(gòu)模式，將把字句這一復(fù)雜的宏觀事件分為四種不同的事件類型，運(yùn)用概念結(jié)構(gòu)的限制條件、概念結(jié)構(gòu)的句法顯現(xiàn)原則，結(jié)合構(gòu)式語法理論及類型學(xué)研究的相關(guān)理論，對(duì)把字句進(jìn)行研究并解釋中介語語料中相關(guān)的偏誤現(xiàn)象。 第一章是緒論。介紹本文的選題意義，研究?jī)?nèi)容、研究范圍和研究方法。 第二章分別從起源、語義、句法、語用、認(rèn)知、類型學(xué)以及對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)和二語習(xí)得研究幾個(gè)方面對(duì)前輩時(shí)賢的研究作了綜述，找出需要深入研究的問題和突破口。 第三章介紹了概念結(jié)構(gòu)理論，分析以往研究方法的不足，并指出概念結(jié)構(gòu)理論對(duì)把字句偏誤分析的指導(dǎo)意義。 第四章對(duì)表達(dá)運(yùn)動(dòng)事件的把字句進(jìn)行了研究。對(duì)二語學(xué)習(xí)者易在此類把字句習(xí)得中出現(xiàn)的與概念結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)的偏誤現(xiàn)象作出了解釋。得出的主要結(jié)論包括：動(dòng)詞遺漏現(xiàn)象的深層原因是不同語言的詞匯化模式有差異；動(dòng)趨式“S+把+N+V+(RC)+（來/去）”不能轉(zhuǎn)換為SVO語序是受概念顯現(xiàn)的形式限制；動(dòng)介式“S+把+N1+V給+N2”和“S+把+N1給+N2+V+R”表達(dá)形式的不同是由于動(dòng)詞和路徑之間組合的緊密程度不同；有關(guān)表達(dá)運(yùn)動(dòng)事件把字句的襯體的偏誤分析，驗(yàn)證了襯體顯現(xiàn)的一個(gè)基本原則：不同的處所成分，，也即襯體，凸顯程度不同，它們一般與凸顯程度相當(dāng)?shù)木浞ㄎ恢闷ヅ洹?第五章對(duì)表達(dá)狀態(tài)變化事件的把字句進(jìn)行了研究。運(yùn)用概念凸顯理論對(duì)“一碗飯就把他吃飽了”類句子進(jìn)行分析，認(rèn)為“*飯就把他吃飽”不成立，是因?yàn)椤熬汀斌w現(xiàn)了一種說話人認(rèn)為數(shù)量少的主觀小量，與它所要凸顯的概念成分必須匹配，因此使事中表主觀小量的數(shù)量詞不可缺少。 由狀態(tài)變化事件中動(dòng)詞詞匯化模式不同造成的偏誤，是因?yàn)槎Z學(xué)習(xí)者不清楚具體的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否在目的語中也存在相應(yīng)的詞匯化使役形式。 狀態(tài)改變事件把字句中補(bǔ)語及其概念結(jié)構(gòu)上的偏誤體現(xiàn)在兩類句式中：1.“S+把+N+V+得+VP”的回避和偏誤現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重，很多句子可以和主謂賓句轉(zhuǎn)換，誤使二語學(xué)習(xí)者認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)句式等同。狀態(tài)補(bǔ)語具有描寫性，描寫性的補(bǔ)語所代表的狀態(tài)具體、信息量大、可預(yù)測(cè)性低，在認(rèn)知上更突顯，傾向于成為焦點(diǎn)。因此，從認(rèn)知?jiǎng)右蛏戏治觯癸@的補(bǔ)語要求占據(jù)句尾位置，賓語必須前置。2.“S+把+N+V+RC”句式中與概念結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)的偏誤現(xiàn)象及其解釋，分為三個(gè)方面：（1）襯體的凸顯程度與句法位置不匹配。（2）路徑襯體合并后的使動(dòng)化造成偏誤。（3）使事產(chǎn)生的影響方式與襯體所表達(dá)的事件結(jié)果不匹配。 我們還另設(shè)一節(jié)專門討論了表心理狀態(tài)變化事件的把字句,認(rèn)為心理力作用的強(qiáng)度是一個(gè)由強(qiáng)到弱的連續(xù)統(tǒng)，作用力的強(qiáng)弱是能否構(gòu)成把字句及其各類把字句比率不同的原因。 第六章分析了表達(dá)實(shí)現(xiàn)事件的把字句。首先，對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)事件中的動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行了分析。按照語義類別分為：自身完成動(dòng)詞、未盡完成義動(dòng)詞、蘊(yùn)涵完成義動(dòng)詞和充分實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，并結(jié)合把字句，對(duì)各類型動(dòng)詞在把字句中的使用情況和限制進(jìn)行分析。接著，對(duì)表實(shí)現(xiàn)事件的把字句的三類下位句式進(jìn)行偏誤分析。句式“S+把+N+V+RC”的偏誤現(xiàn)象與補(bǔ)語的預(yù)期性有關(guān)，非預(yù)期結(jié)果的實(shí)現(xiàn)事件傾向選擇把字句�！癝+把+N+V+得+VP/AP”的偏誤現(xiàn)象可以從概念結(jié)構(gòu)中主事件和副事件之間的聯(lián)系緊密性角度以及描寫性補(bǔ)語的可預(yù)測(cè)性來解釋�！癝+把+N+V+DC”的偏誤則是由于不清楚概念結(jié)構(gòu)以及概念顯現(xiàn)的形式限制。 第七章分析了表達(dá)廓時(shí)事件的把字句。分析了帶時(shí)體標(biāo)記“著”、“了”、“過”形成的把字句，和“V+下來（時(shí)體）”、“V+下去（時(shí)體）”構(gòu)成的把字句。時(shí)體標(biāo)記“上，開，起，起來”不能構(gòu)成把字句，是因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎酒鹗�，沒有續(xù)段和結(jié)果，凸體受到的影響力小，因此凸顯程度不高，不能顯現(xiàn)在凸顯程度高的把字賓語位置。 在廓時(shí)事件中，主事件是廓定事件時(shí)體的事件，凸體與副事件的概念成分同指，因此，主事件和副事件聯(lián)系的緊密程度、事件的可預(yù)測(cè)性等原則都很難體現(xiàn)，在其他三種事件類型中所使用的分析方法受到一定的局限。廓時(shí)事件概念結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成主要跟襯體所表示的時(shí)體意義及凸體所代表的事件類型相關(guān)，兩者必須互相匹配。這一原則始終貫穿在各類表廓時(shí)事件的把字句的偏誤分析之中。
[Abstract]:This paper , based on the cognitive semantics , introduces the concept structure model of Talmy , and divides the complex macro - event into four different types of events .

The first chapter is introduction . It introduces the significance , content , scope of research and research methods of this paper .

In the second chapter , the author summarizes the research of the previous generation from the aspects of origin , semantics , syntax , pragmatics , cognition , typologies and foreign language teaching and second language acquisition , and finds out the problems and breakthrough that need to be further researched .

The third chapter introduces the concept structure theory , analyzes the shortcomings of the previous research methods , and points out the guiding significance of the concept structure theory to the analysis of the error of the words .

In the fourth chapter , the author makes a study on the sentence structure of the event of expression . The main conclusions are as follows : the deep reason of the omission of the verb is that the lexical pattern of the different language is different ;
The expression of " S + " + N + V + ( RC ) + ( in / off ) " cannot be converted to SVO , which is restricted by concept .
The difference between the expression form of " S + handle + N1 + V to + N2 " and " S + handle + N1 to + N2 + V + R " is different because of the close degree of the combination between the verb and the path ;
In this paper , we verify the basic principle that the liner appears , namely , the different components , i.e . the liners , the degree of highlighting is different , which are generally matched with the syntactic positions of the degree of highlighting .

In the fifth chapter , the author studies the expression state change events . By using the concept of concept , the author analyses the sentence of " a bowl of rice " , and thinks that " * rice will feed him " is not established because " it " reflects a subjective small quantity which the speaker thinks quantity is less , and the concept component to be highlighted must match , so that the quantity of the subjective small quantity of the table is indispensable .

It is because the L2 learners do not know whether the specific state verbs also exist in the target language .

There are two types of sentence patterns : 1 . The " S + handle + N + V + D + VP " avoidance and bias phenomenon is serious , many sentences can be converted to the subject verb sentence , and the second language learner is inclined to be the focus .

We also set up a section devoted to the change of mental state of the table . It is believed that the strength of mental force is a continuum from strong to weak , and whether the force is strong or weak is the reason to make the ratio of words and sentence different .

In the sixth chapter , we analyze the expression of the verbs in the event . Firstly , the verbs in the event are analyzed . According to the semantic categories , the semantic categories are divided into : the completion of the verbs , the completion of the semantic verbs , the implication of the completion of the semantic verbs and the full realization of the verbs . Then , the misinterpretations of the sentences are analyzed . The error of the sentence " S + handle + N + V + RC " can be explained from the relation between the main and secondary events in the conceptual structure and the predictability of the descriptive complement . " S + handles + N + V + DC " is not the form of the concept structure and the concept .

In Chapter 7 , we analyze the expression of the event in the event of the expression profile . The author analyses the words which are marked by the time body , the word which is formed by " V + down ( time body ) " , " V + down ( time body ) " and " V + down ( time body ) " . When they indicate the beginning , the absence of the continuation and the result , the influence of the convex body is small , so the degree of prominence is not high , and the position of the word object with high degree of prominence cannot be displayed .

In the case of the profile , the principal event is the event of the event of the event of the event , the convex body is the same as the concept component of the sub event . Therefore , it is difficult to embody the close degree of the relationship between the main event and the sub event , the predictability of the event , etc . The structure of the concept structure of the time event is mainly related to the time body meaning expressed by the liner and the type of event represented by the convex body , and the two must match each other .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146.3

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本文編號(hào)：1893509