本文選題：準(zhǔn)固定語 + 范疇化��； 參考：《北京語言大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 在對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語詞匯進(jìn)行研究時(shí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn),在漢語詞匯單位中,除了傳統(tǒng)的詞和語,在他們之間還存在一級(jí)具有過渡性質(zhì)的單位,即“準(zhǔn)固定語”。準(zhǔn)固定語是詞匯學(xué)的一個(gè)重要研究課題。以往對(duì)準(zhǔn)固定語的描寫性研究成果數(shù)量較少,但對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)的描寫不充分、不深入,描寫角度單一。本文將準(zhǔn)固定語作為研究對(duì)象,嘗試從范疇理論和構(gòu)式理論的角度進(jìn)行研究,以探索準(zhǔn)固定語的內(nèi)涵和外延,并結(jié)合構(gòu)式理論從內(nèi)部詞語搭配角度分析其語義特點(diǎn)。本文主要集中在兩個(gè)部分,一是準(zhǔn)固定語的本體研究,一是準(zhǔn)固定語的構(gòu)式研究。 本體研究方面,為了對(duì)準(zhǔn)固定語有一個(gè)清晰的認(rèn)識(shí),本文從范疇理論入手,從范疇化和非范疇化兩個(gè)方面對(duì)準(zhǔn)固定語進(jìn)行研究。我們首先將準(zhǔn)固定語與“自由詞組”、“慣用語”、“固定格式”和“語塊”進(jìn)行了區(qū)分,厘清準(zhǔn)固定語在漢語詞匯范疇體系中的地位,對(duì)漢語詞匯體系重新范疇化,并梳理準(zhǔn)固定語的內(nèi)部范疇;在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們以準(zhǔn)固定語“__看”為例,通過準(zhǔn)固定語非范疇化的研究探索準(zhǔn)固定語形成的原因。 通過分析我們認(rèn)為,準(zhǔn)固定語是人類對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界范疇化的產(chǎn)物,是漢語詞匯范疇的下位范疇,是詞和語之間的一類過渡范疇。在這個(gè)范疇內(nèi),包括定型類準(zhǔn)固定語和可替換類準(zhǔn)固定語兩類下位范疇,其中可替換類的是準(zhǔn)固定語范疇的典型。而漢語詞匯的非范疇化則是準(zhǔn)固定語的形成的原因之一。 構(gòu)式研究方面,本文以準(zhǔn)固定語構(gòu)式作為切入點(diǎn),對(duì)準(zhǔn)固定語結(jié)構(gòu)和意義上的特性進(jìn)行研究。我們以承繼類準(zhǔn)固定語為例,以出現(xiàn)頻率的高低為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),選出5組典型的準(zhǔn)固定語構(gòu)式作為本文的研究對(duì)象:“看在__的面子/情分上;沒__(可/好)說;看__說的;拿+N+V;看把____的”,基于這五組典型的準(zhǔn)固定語構(gòu)式,我們對(duì)其特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析。為了更好的分析每一類型的特點(diǎn),對(duì)這些準(zhǔn)固定語,我們進(jìn)行個(gè)案研究。在研究中,首先探討構(gòu)式義,接著分析具體語境中的語境義,最后對(duì)其進(jìn)行綜合分析。 根據(jù)分析結(jié)果,我們認(rèn)為:準(zhǔn)固定語構(gòu)式的特點(diǎn)在于它的意義是單一的,不等于構(gòu)式標(biāo)的詞匯加和義,主要表現(xiàn)為構(gòu)式在單句的語境中體現(xiàn)出的語境義;構(gòu)式可以產(chǎn)生子構(gòu)式;構(gòu)式槽填充項(xiàng)又對(duì)構(gòu)式的結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的影響,二者有一定的互動(dòng),構(gòu)式槽填充項(xiàng)的性質(zhì)會(huì)影響構(gòu)式的生成性。在構(gòu)式填充項(xiàng)與構(gòu)式本身的互動(dòng)上,二者在角色的匹配上并不是一致的。由構(gòu)式意義限定的填充項(xiàng)角色是語義角色的,構(gòu)式槽中的實(shí)際語例則是真正的參與角色。 準(zhǔn)固定語是漢語詞匯中比較特殊的一類結(jié)構(gòu),在對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)中也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。對(duì)這類結(jié)構(gòu)的研究,不但有利于漢語詞匯本體的研究,對(duì)對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)也有一定的促進(jìn)作用。
[Abstract]:When we study the vocabulary of modern Chinese, we find that in addition to the traditional words and words, there is a transition unit between them, that is, "quasi-fixed language". Quasi-fixed language is an important subject in lexicology. In the past, the number of descriptive studies on fixed language is relatively small, but the description of its structure is insufficient, not thorough, and the angle of description is single. In this paper, quasi fixed language is taken as the object of study, which tries to explore the connotation and extension of quasi fixed language from the perspective of category theory and construction theory, and analyzes its semantic characteristics from the angle of internal collocation with the theory of construction. This paper focuses on two parts: one is the ontological study of quasi-fixed, the other is the construction of quasi-fixed. In the study of ontology, in order to have a clear understanding of the fixed language, this paper starts with the category theory, and studies the fixed language from the two aspects of categorization and non-categorization. We first distinguish quasi-fixed words from "free phrases", "idioms", "fixed formats" and "chunks", clarify the position of quasi-fixed words in the Chinese lexical category system, and recategorize the Chinese lexical system. On the basis of this, we take the quasi-fixed language "S _ see" as an example to explore the causes of the formation of quasi-fixed language through the study of non-categorization of quasi-fixed language. Through the analysis, we think that quasi-fixed language is the product of human categorization of the real world, the lower category of Chinese lexical category, and a kind of transitional category between words and words. In this category, there are two kinds of hypothetical categories: stereotyped quasi-fixed and replaceable quasi-fixed, in which the substitutable category is the typical category of quasi-fixed. The non-categorization of Chinese vocabulary is one of the reasons for the formation of quasi-fixed language. In the aspect of construction, this paper focuses on the characteristics of the structure and meaning of the fixed language by using the quasi-fixed construction as the starting point. Taking inherited quasi-fixed words as an example, we select five groups of typical quasi-fixed constructions as the object of this paper, taking the frequency of occurrence as the criterion: "look at the face / sentiment of the speech, say no (can / good), look at _ _ said;" We analyze the features of these five groups of quasi fixed constructions based on the five typical quasi fixed constructions. In order to better analyze the characteristics of each type, we do a case study on these quasi-fixed words. In the research, the construction meaning is discussed first, then the contextual meaning in the concrete context is analyzed, and finally the comprehensive analysis is carried out. According to the analysis results, we think that the characteristic of quasi-fixed construction is that it has a single meaning, which is not equal to the addition and meaning of the target words of the construction, which is mainly expressed as the contextual meaning embodied by the construction in the context of a single sentence, and that the construction can produce a subconstruction. The construction slot filling term will have a certain influence on the structure of the structure, the two have certain interaction, and the nature of the construction slot filling term will affect the generativity of the construction. In the interaction between the construction filling term and the construction itself, they are not consistent in the role matching. The filling role defined by the construction meaning is semantic role, while the actual example in the construction slot is the real participant role. Quasi-fixed language is a special kind of structure in Chinese vocabulary, and it is also a difficulty in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The study of this kind of structure is not only beneficial to the study of Chinese lexical ontology, but also to the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京語言大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：H136

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本文編號(hào)：1802745