本文選題：量詞　切入點：對比　出處：《東北師范大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：漢語、越南語量詞的相同點多，不同點也不少。由于深受母語負遷移的影響，再加上漢語量詞本身的難度大，因此給學習漢語的越南人造成很大的障礙。本文針對越南學生學習漢語量詞時產(chǎn)生的偏誤對漢語、越南語量詞的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、語法功能進行對比分析，對漢語使用頻率高的量詞“個”“只”和越南語對應(yīng)量詞“cái”“chi c”“con”進行個案對比。然后通過兩種語言的文學作品的翻譯活動進行對照、驗證。最后總結(jié)出越南學生漢語近義量詞的習得規(guī)律并提出量詞教學建議。 漢語、越南語量詞可以跟數(shù)詞、名詞、代詞和少數(shù)形容詞搭配。從形式上看，漢語量詞受數(shù)詞、名詞性質(zhì)和結(jié)構(gòu)的制約因而句法位置不同。越南語量詞不受任何制約一直固定在名詞前邊。因此兩種語言的表量結(jié)構(gòu)之間形成多對一的關(guān)系。計量事物的時候，漢語一般都用量詞。而在越南語中如果表示事物的名詞是漢越音、人體部分或職業(yè)等名詞，一般都不用量詞。越南語的量名結(jié)構(gòu)是表示單數(shù)的典型結(jié)構(gòu)，，漢語基本沒有這種結(jié)構(gòu)。量詞重疊是漢語獨特的語言現(xiàn)象，越南語量詞不能重疊。 從語義上看，漢語5個指人的量詞可以表示褒貶的語言色彩，越南語有25個指人的量詞還可以表示年齡、性別、社會關(guān)系等意義。漢語指動物、物品的量詞非常豐富，可以區(qū)別動物之間、物品之間的個體。越南語指動物的只有量詞“con”，指物品的有兩個量詞“cái”“chi c”。越南語用這三個量詞來區(qū)別動物類和非動物類。在與形容詞搭配時，漢語量詞在形容詞后邊。越南語量詞后邊是不可數(shù)名詞時，形容詞在量詞和名詞中間，也可以在量名結(jié)構(gòu)后邊。量詞后邊是可數(shù)名詞時，形容詞在量名結(jié)構(gòu)后邊，但造成歧義。 從語法功能上看，越南語量詞在一定的條件下可以充當定語、中心語、主語、賓語。漢語量詞在數(shù)詞“一”省略的情況下，才能有條件地單獨充當名詞的定語。 “個”與“cái”“chi c”，“只”與“con”在語法、語義和運用上不完全對應(yīng)。這明顯表現(xiàn)在漢譯越和越譯漢的兩個作品中。 漢語近義量詞是量詞教學的重點和難點。教師不但要強調(diào)辨析近義量詞的細微差別，而且還要采取一些教學技巧。 希望本文的研究成果能對量詞編譯、翻譯和對外漢語量詞教學提供幫助。
[Abstract]:There are many similarities and differences in Chinese and Vietnamese quantifiers.Due to the negative transfer of mother tongue and the difficulty of Chinese quantifiers, the Vietnamese who learn Chinese have a great obstacle.In this paper, the grammatical structure and grammatical functions of Chinese and Vietnamese quantifiers are compared and analyzed according to the errors caused by Vietnamese students' learning Chinese classifiers.A case study was made between the Chinese classifier "individual" and the Vietnamese equivalent quantifier "c 謾 i" and "chi c" "con".Then the translation activities of literary works in both languages are compared and verified.Finally, this paper summarizes the acquisition rules of Chinese synonymous quantifiers in Vietnamese students and puts forward suggestions for classifier teaching.Chinese and Vietnamese quantifiers can be collocated with numerals, nouns, pronouns and a few adjectives.From the formal point of view, Chinese classifiers are restricted by numerals, noun properties and structures, so their syntactic positions are different.Vietnamese quantifiers have been fixed in front of nouns without any restriction.Therefore, there is a many-to-one relationship between the tabular structures of the two languages.When measuring things, Chinese usually uses quantifiers.In Vietnamese, if the nouns for things are Chinese and Vietnamese sounds, human body parts or occupation, generally do not use quantifiers.The quantitive nomenclature structure of Vietnamese language is a typical structure of singular number, but there is no such structure in Chinese.Quantifier reduplication is a unique linguistic phenomenon in Chinese and cannot be reduplicated in Vietnamese.From the semantic point of view, the classifiers of 5 references in Chinese can express the linguistic color of praise and derogation, and 25 quantifiers in Vietnamese can also indicate the meanings of age, sex, social relations, and so on.Chinese refers to animals, objects are very rich quantifiers, can distinguish between animals, objects between the individual.Vietnamese refers to only the classifier "con" for animals and two quantifiers "c 謾 i" "chi c" for objects.Vietnamese pragmatics is the three classifiers to distinguish between animals and non-animals.In collocation with adjectives, Chinese quantifiers are behind adjectives.When Vietnamese quantifiers are uncountable nouns, adjectives can be in the middle of quantifiers and nouns, or after quantifiers.When the quantifier is a countable noun, the adjective is behind the quantifier structure, but causes ambiguity.In terms of grammatical functions, Vietnamese quantifiers can act as attributives, heads, subjects and objects under certain conditions.Only when the numerals "one" is omitted, can Chinese classifiers act as attributes of nouns."chi" and "c 謾 i" "chi c", "only" and "con" are not exactly syntactic, semantic and operational.This is clearly reflected in the two works of Chinese-Chinese translation and Yue-Yue translation.Chinese synonymous quantifiers are the key and difficult points in the teaching of classifiers.Teachers should not only emphasize the nuances of synonyms, but also adopt some teaching techniques.It is hoped that the research results of this paper will be helpful in classifier compilation, translation and teaching of Chinese classifiers as a foreign language.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H195

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本文編號：1710639