發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-13 22:46

  本文選題：“除”類框式介詞　切入點(diǎn)：對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)　出處：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“除”類框式介詞由前置詞“除/除了/除去/除卻/除開/除掉”和后置詞“外/之外/以外/而外”共同組成的框架,主要用來表示“排除”關(guān)系�！俺弊肿钤绯霈F(xiàn)是用作動(dòng)詞和名詞,經(jīng)過發(fā)展演變,在兩漢時(shí)期逐漸出現(xiàn)“動(dòng)詞+除”和“除+動(dòng)詞”的格式,直至出現(xiàn)了雙音節(jié)介詞“除去/除開/除掉/除卻”與處所類名詞“外”構(gòu)成了框架結(jié)構(gòu)。最早的框式介詞“除……外”出現(xiàn)在六朝時(shí)期。從句法層面看,“除”類框式介詞不能在句尾出現(xiàn),一般出現(xiàn)在句首和句中。從句法功能看,“除”類框式介詞可以放在句首或句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),也可以在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。在語(yǔ)義上,“除”類框式介詞主要表示“排除”關(guān)系,但也有表示“加合、補(bǔ)充”關(guān)系。當(dāng)表示“加合、補(bǔ)充”關(guān)系時(shí),一般會(huì)有“還”“都”等詞在句中作為語(yǔ)義標(biāo)記。“除”類框式介詞在具體運(yùn)用中具有隱現(xiàn)規(guī)律。前置詞的省略分為在句首作狀語(yǔ)和句中作狀語(yǔ),表示“排除”關(guān)系和表示“加合、補(bǔ)充”關(guān)系,放在句中作定語(yǔ)等情況;后置詞的省略有:如果是雙音節(jié)框式介詞“除了……外/之外/以外/而外”,后置詞可以省略;如果是單音節(jié)框式介詞“除……外/之外/以外/而外”,后置詞不能省略。根據(jù)這些隱現(xiàn)情況,我們總結(jié)出了“除”類框式介詞出現(xiàn)這些隱現(xiàn)情況的原因,分別有語(yǔ)義上的冗余,語(yǔ)體上的差異,句子的復(fù)雜程度,語(yǔ)義表達(dá)的需要等原因。最后,我們對(duì)《發(fā)展?jié)h語(yǔ)》課文中的知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究,分析了“除”類框式介詞在《發(fā)展?jié)h語(yǔ)》教材中的分布情況,接著對(duì)留學(xué)生進(jìn)行了“除”類框式介詞的使用頻率調(diào)查和語(yǔ)義理解情況的調(diào)查�？偨Y(jié)了之所以出現(xiàn)這種情況可能是教材的編寫、教師的教學(xué)和學(xué)生的母語(yǔ)和學(xué)習(xí)策略的影響等原因,指出在教學(xué)過程中應(yīng)注重運(yùn)用“除”類框式介詞的語(yǔ)法化教學(xué)來減少留學(xué)生的偏誤;教師在教學(xué)過程中要適當(dāng)?shù)臄U(kuò)展知識(shí),舉例要貼近生活;教材的編寫要注意系統(tǒng)性和重復(fù)性,保證初中高級(jí)教材中都出現(xiàn)“除”類框式介詞。通過這些建議希望能夠有助于對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)。
[Abstract]:"except" box prepositions consisting of the prepositions "except / except / except / remove / divide / except / remove / remove" and the post-position word "outside / outside / outside / except", It is mainly used to denote "excluding" relation. The word "deduct" was first used as verb and noun. After development and evolution, the forms of "verb divide" and "remove verb" appeared gradually in the Han Dynasty. Until the two-syllable preposition "except / except / get rid of / except" and locative nouns formed a frame structure. The earliest box preposition "except." appeared in the six dynasties. From the syntactic level, the "except" category. A box preposition cannot appear at the end of a sentence. Generally appears at the beginning and in the sentence. From the syntactic function, the "except" type prepositions can be used as adverbials at the beginning of the sentence or in the sentence, or as attributives in the sentence. In semantic terms, "except" type prepositions mainly mean "excluding" relations. But there is also a relationship that means "additive, complementary." when it means "additive, complementary", Generally, there are some words such as "return" and "du" that are used as semantic markers in the sentence. The "except" type prepositions have hidden rules in the concrete application. The ellipsis of the preposition is divided into adverbial at the beginning of the sentence and adverbial in the sentence, indicating "excluding" relation and adding "expression". The ellipsis of postposition is as follows: if it is a two-syllable frame preposition "except. / outside / outside / outside", the postposition can be omitted; If it is a monosyllabic frame preposition "except. / outside / outside / outside / outside", the postposition cannot be omitted. Based on these occurrences, we have summed up the reasons for these occurrences of the "except" type of box prepositions, which have semantic redundancy, respectively. The differences in style, the complexity of sentences, the need for semantic expression, and so on. Finally, we investigate the knowledge points in the text of developing Chinese. This paper analyzes the distribution of box prepositions in the textbook of developing Chinese. Then, the author makes a survey on the frequency of the use of box prepositions and the semantic understanding of the students, and concludes that this situation may be caused by the compilation of textbooks. The author points out that the grammatical teaching of "apart" type prepositions should be paid attention to in order to reduce the bias of foreign students, and the teachers should expand their knowledge properly in the process of teaching, such as teachers' teaching and students' influence on their mother tongue and learning strategies, and so on, and points out that the grammaticalization of "apart" prepositions should be used in the process of teaching. Examples should be close to life, and the compilation of textbooks should pay attention to systematicness and repeatability, so as to ensure that "except" type box prepositions appear in senior textbooks of junior high school. It is hoped that these suggestions will be helpful to the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H195.3

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