本文關(guān)鍵詞： 機構(gòu)類縮略語 縮略語 類型 原型形式 語節(jié)　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代漢語中的機構(gòu)類縮略語數(shù)量多、應(yīng)用廣,是非常值得關(guān)注的語言現(xiàn)象。但是,目前人們只對縮略語有所注意,對機構(gòu)類縮略語還沒有專門的研究。鑒于此,本文采用文獻檢索、實證研究、描寫分類、總結(jié)歸納等方法,對現(xiàn)代漢語中這一特殊的現(xiàn)象進行研究,以期待得出可以信賴的結(jié)論,為進一步研究提供一些經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)。同時,機構(gòu)類縮略語研究對辭書編纂和對外漢語教學(xué)具有一定的意義。本文共六章,主要探討機構(gòu)類縮略語的定義、類型和原型關(guān)系以及縮略方式等。內(nèi)容如下:第一章主要對縮略語和機構(gòu)類縮略語進行研究綜述,并探討研究價值、研究方法、研究內(nèi)容和難點等。同時指出,人們對于縮略語的關(guān)注主要在于其定義、構(gòu)成方法、語法功能和原型的關(guān)系以及使用規(guī)范,這對于機構(gòu)類縮略語的特征具有相當(dāng)?shù)姆e極性作用。第二章主要探討機構(gòu)類縮略語的定義。縮略語不同于簡稱,它必須滿足四個條件:存在原型形式、原型形式先出現(xiàn)、縮略后和原型形式的意義一致且比原型形式簡潔。同時,縮略語排除了字母、數(shù)字等縮略形式。而機構(gòu)類縮略語就是一個正式的機關(guān)、團體或其它工作單位名稱的縮略語。第三章總結(jié)了機構(gòu)類縮略語的類型。機構(gòu)類縮略語被劃分成意義類型、結(jié)構(gòu)類型、狀態(tài)類型和語音類型。其中機構(gòu)類縮略語的意義類型可以分為文化類、政治類、社會類、經(jīng)濟類、軍事類、交通類和其它類,文化類機構(gòu)名稱為最多,反映了文化發(fā)展的主題。機構(gòu)類縮略語以名詞性為主,內(nèi)部部分則有聯(lián)合、動賓等結(jié)構(gòu)差異。而狀態(tài)類型則有言語性和語言性的分別,前者指臨時性的不固定的縮略語,后者則比較穩(wěn)固通用。機構(gòu)類縮略語在語音上,以二音節(jié)、三音節(jié)、四音節(jié)為主,占據(jù)了所有機構(gòu)縮略語的絕大部分。第四章總結(jié)了機構(gòu)類縮略語的縮略方式。機構(gòu)類縮略語的最常見的縮略方式有兩種,完全縮略和部分縮略。前者有十一種方式,主要是按照語節(jié)來提取關(guān)鍵字組合成縮略語,后者有四種,主要是整個語節(jié)的刪除和保留來組合成縮略語。然后分析了機構(gòu)類縮略語及其原型形式之間的關(guān)系。機構(gòu)類縮略語及其原型形式之間的關(guān)系非常的密切。從語音方面,原型形式一般要比縮略語至少多出兩個音節(jié),并且超出二到六個音節(jié)的原型形式數(shù)量最集中;從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上,原型形式以四到十一音節(jié)最多,每個可以劃分出很多語節(jié),這和縮略語的形成有密切關(guān)系。從習(xí)慣和認(rèn)知上來看,人們對于縮略語的創(chuàng)造和使用,都有一種意識和規(guī)律在,都是盡量符合人們的說話習(xí)慣,建立聯(lián)想,避免歧義等。第五章提出了機構(gòu)類縮略語研究的意義。機構(gòu)類縮略語研究對辭書編纂和對外漢語教學(xué)具有一定的意義。辭書編纂方面,應(yīng)該少收一些言語性的縮略語、不符合人們習(xí)慣的縮略語和具有歧義性的縮略語。同時,還要注意一些機構(gòu)縮略語的漏收和誤收問題。對外漢語教學(xué)上,應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生多了解中國文化和具體國情,進而理解縮略語的涵義,同時也要編纂一些字典,開展一些有關(guān)縮略語的教學(xué)課程,真正讓留學(xué)生了解現(xiàn)代漢語。第六章對機構(gòu)類縮略語的研究進行了總結(jié),得出了一些比較可靠的結(jié)論。即縮略語不同于簡稱,而機構(gòu)類縮略語被劃分成意義類型、結(jié)構(gòu)類型、狀態(tài)類型和語音類型。它與其原型形式之間的關(guān)系非常的密切,最常見的縮略方式有兩種,完全縮略和部分縮略。機構(gòu)類縮略語研究對辭書編纂和對外漢語教學(xué)具有一定的意義。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese organization abbreviations in quantity, wide application, is a language phenomenon that deserves much attention. However, the people of abbreviations note that there is no special research on the institutional abbreviations. In view of this, this paper using literature retrieval, empirical research, descriptive classification, summarizes the methods for the research of the modern this is a special phenomenon in Chinese, in order to draw reliable conclusions, provide some experience and lessons for further study. At the same time, the research institutions of abbreviations has certain significance for lexicography and foreign language teaching. This paper consists of six chapters, mainly discusses the definition of institutional abbreviations, types and relations as well as the thumbnail mode prototype. The contents are as follows: the first chapter of abbreviations and acronyms of research institutions, and discusses the research value, research methods, research content and difficult point. Also pointed out that people Are abbreviations for attention mainly lies in its definition, formation, relationship between the grammatical function and the prototype and the use of norms, the mechanism of acronyms has the characteristics of positive role is defined. The second chapter mainly discusses the mechanism of acronyms. Different abbreviations Yu Jian said, it must meet four conditions: the existence of the prototype, prototype first, after the prototype meaning of form and abbreviations consistent and concise than the prototype. At the same time, abbreviations exclude letters, numbers and acronyms abbreviations. Institution is a formal agency, abbreviation organizations or other company name. The third chapter summarizes the types of institutions. These abbreviations are abbreviations divided into meaning types, structure types, types and types of speech. The state institutions of abbreviation meaning types can be divided into cultural, political, and social class, the Economic, military, transportation and other cultural institutions, name for the most, which reflects the cultural theme of the development of institutions. In terms of abbreviations, the internal part has a joint, verb object structure differences. While the state type are the speech and language, the former refers to the temporary the fixed abbreviations, the latter is more stable. The general mechanism of abbreviations in speech, with two syllables, three syllables, four syllables, occupy most of all agency abbreviations. The fourth chapter summarizes the mechanism of acronyms abbreviations. There are two types of institutions, the most common abbreviations abbreviated ways, completely the former part of abbreviation and the abbreviations of the books. There are eleven ways, mainly in accordance with the language section to extract keywords into abbreviations, the latter had four, mainly is the language section of the delete and keep combining abbreviations. Then analyzes the institutional abbreviations The relationship between the language and the form of prototype. The relationship between institutions and the abbreviations in prototype form very closely. From the aspects of voice, usually in the form of prototype than abbreviations at least more than two syllables, and beyond the most concentrated number of prototype form two to six syllables; from the grammatical structure, with four to eleven syllables in prototype form at most, each can be divided into many languages, there is a close relationship between the formation and the abbreviations. From habit and cognitive perspective, people for the creation and use of abbreviations, have a kind of consciousness and law, is to meet the people's habits, the establishment of the association, to avoid ambiguity. The fifth chapter puts forward the research the significance of research institutions. Abbreviations abbreviation mechanism has a certain significance for lexicography and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The compilation of dictionaries, should be less some words of abbreviations, does not meet the people The habit of acronyms and ambiguous abbreviations. At the same time, we should pay attention to some of the omissions and agency abbreviations misreceiving. Foreign language teaching, should let students know more about China culture and specific national conditions, to understand the meaning of abbreviations, but also some dictionary compilation, to carry out some of the abbreviations of the teaching curriculum, really let the students know about modern Chinese. The sixth chapter research on institutional abbreviations are summarized, get some reliable conclusions. That is different from the abbreviation referred to, and the mechanism of acronyms is divided into significance types, structure types, state type and voice type. Relations between it and its prototype form very close. There are two kinds of the most common abbreviations, acronyms and abbreviations. Part of all abbreviations mechanism has a certain significance for lexicography and teaching Chinese as a foreign language.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H136.6

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