本文關(guān)鍵詞：對外漢語教學(xué)中親屬稱謂語的泛化研究　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：稱謂語是人類社會語言文化的一種普遍現(xiàn)象，是人類言語交際活動的第一步。一般而言，稱謂語可分為兩大類：親屬稱謂語和非親屬稱謂語（社會稱謂語）。親屬稱謂語泛化是將親屬稱謂語用于非親屬之間的一種語言現(xiàn)象，借用親屬關(guān)系來拉近彼此的心理距離。為了達到拉近彼此間的距離，密切彼此之間關(guān)系的交際目的，把非親屬關(guān)系的人納入到親屬的行列中，來表示恭敬、親切、謙虛，，使被稱呼者感受到尊重、喜愛、禮遇。即用親屬稱謂語來互稱或自稱沒有親屬關(guān)系的人的方式，就叫做親屬稱謂語的泛化。親屬稱謂語泛化的廣泛使用，正是由于中國對宗族觀念和倫理文化的崇尚，以及家族觀念的延伸和擴大。在日常交際生活中，親屬稱謂語泛化也是使用頻率相當(dāng)高的，一個恰當(dāng)?shù)姆Q謂也是一個良好人際關(guān)系的開端。我們在與留學(xué)生的交流觀察中，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們在日常生活中經(jīng)常避免對非親屬使用親屬稱謂語，大部分原因是由于不會用，容易用錯,所以采用回避策略。所以為了漢語學(xué)習(xí)者在日常交流中能夠更好的達到交際目的，需要親屬稱謂語泛化合理使用，這樣才能提高漢語學(xué)習(xí)者的漢語水平和語言交際能力。 筆者通過借鑒前人的研究，選擇漢語親屬稱謂語泛化這一特殊的語言現(xiàn)象為切入點。第一部分是綜述，介紹選題目的和意義，綜合在對外漢語方面研究稱謂語和親屬稱謂語泛化的相關(guān)文獻，確定本文的研究對象和研究方法；第二部分是從對外漢語教學(xué)的角度，結(jié)合語言文化學(xué)、社會語言學(xué)、語用學(xué)等相關(guān)知識，對漢語親屬稱謂語泛化的界定、成因、理論基礎(chǔ)、特點和功能進行詳細闡述；第三部分是結(jié)合《漢語水平考試詞匯大綱》和北京語言大學(xué)HSK動態(tài)作文語料庫對親屬稱謂語及泛化進行統(tǒng)計和語料采集，總結(jié)漢語學(xué)習(xí)者在親屬稱謂語泛化的使用產(chǎn)生的偏誤，得出產(chǎn)生偏誤的各類原因；第四部分是從對外漢語教學(xué)角度，對親屬稱謂語泛化的教學(xué)提出建議，為今后的對外漢語教學(xué)及使用提供一些可供參考的依據(jù)，對外漢語教師在教學(xué)中使學(xué)生對漢語親屬稱謂語泛化有一個完整、清晰的認識并且能夠恰到好處地運用到日常的學(xué)習(xí)、工作和生活中。
[Abstract]:Appellation is a universal phenomenon of language culture in human society and the first step of human verbal communication. Appellations can be divided into two categories: kinship appellations and non-kinship appellations (social appellations). The generalization of kinship appellations is a linguistic phenomenon in which kinship appellations are used among non-relatives. In order to achieve the purpose of getting closer to each other and getting closer to each other, people who are not related to each other are included in the ranks of relatives to show respect. Kindness, modesty, and respect, affection, and courtesy of the addressee. That is, the use of kinship terms to describe or claim to be unrelated to each other. This is called the generalization of kinship appellations. The widespread use of kinship appellations is due to the Chinese respect for clan concepts and ethical culture, as well as the extension and expansion of family concepts. The generalization of kinship appellations is also very frequently used, and an appropriate appellation is also the beginning of a good interpersonal relationship. It is found that they often avoid using kinship terms for non-relatives in their daily life, mostly because they can't use them and are easy to use them wrong. Therefore, in order to achieve the communicative purpose better in daily communication, Chinese learners need to use kinship appellations in a reasonable way. Only in this way can Chinese learners improve their Chinese proficiency and communicative competence. The author chooses the Chinese kinship appellation generalization as the starting point by referring to the previous studies. The first part is a summary to introduce the purpose and significance of the topic. By synthesizing the relevant literature on the generalization of appellations and kinship terms in Chinese as a foreign language, this paper determines the research object and research methods of this paper. The second part is from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, combined with language culture, sociolinguistics, pragmatics and other related knowledge, the definition, causes and theoretical basis of Chinese kinship appellation generalization. The characteristics and functions are described in detail. The third part is combining the outline of Vocabulary of Chinese proficiency Test and the HSK dynamic composition Corpus of Beijing language and language University to collect the relative appellations and generalizations. This paper summarizes the errors caused by the generalization of kinship appellations by Chinese learners, and concludes the causes of the errors. The 4th part is from the angle of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, put forward some suggestions to the teaching of relative appellation generalization, and provide some reference basis for teaching and using Chinese as a foreign language in the future. Teachers of Chinese as a foreign language make students have a complete and clear understanding of the generalization of Chinese kinship terms in teaching and can apply it to their daily study, work and life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H195

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