高一學(xué)生“牛頓運(yùn)動(dòng)定律”前概念的調(diào)查研究
[Abstract]:A large number of studies show that every student has some preconceptions from life or learning process when learning scientific concepts. These concepts are often wrong, deep-rooted and difficult to change. The existence of students' pre-concept has a great influence on the acceptance and understanding of students' scientific concepts. Newton's law of motion is the foundation of the whole mechanics and the important and difficult part of physics knowledge in senior high school. Students have a lot of wrong understanding of Newton's law of motion. In order to change the pre-concept of Newton's law of motion, it is necessary to understand students' understanding of relevant knowledge before learning Newton's law of motion. Based on the literature research and the results of teachers' interviews, this study compiled a student questionnaire to investigate the pre-concept of Newton's law of motion for the first year of senior high school students. Through the analysis of the results of the investigation, the concrete pre-concept of Newton's law of motion for senior one students is obtained. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Ausubel's theory of meaningful learning and Ticesa's theory of knowledge fragment model analyze the causes of the students' more typical preconceptions. The conclusion is as follows: 1. Students are vulnerable to the influence of common sense of life and produce a variety of wrong understandings. Students have different degrees of preconceptions of inertia, force and movement, force and reaction, and their expression is messy and difficult to be comprehensive. Extensive description or statistics of the student's pre-concept; 2. The causes of students' pre-concept of Newton's law of motion are mainly experiential mode of thinking, piecemeal intuitive knowledge and interference of existing concepts. The concrete mode of thinking can be divided into the following three categories: the first category, the basic correct physical quantity characteristics, the wrong extension to the new physical quantity with similar characteristics, the second kind, pay attention to the effect of the physical quantity, have the thinking tendency of seeking for the result of the cause; The third category is the intuitive knowledge of non-logical reasoning, that is, piecemeal knowledge similar to phenomenological primitives. 3. It is found that some preconceptions of students are similar to those of ancient scientists, and the process of constructing some concepts is similar to the process of historical establishment of some concepts. Finally, based on the research theory and conclusion, the teaching suggestions of Newton's three laws of motion are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:G633.7
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