高中生有機(jī)化學(xué)心智模型的研究
[Abstract]:Mental model is an internal representation of the external things that individuals know, can be used to describe, explain and predict things, and determine the way people understand the external world, and affect the response of people to the stimulus. The knowledge of organic chemistry in senior high school has its own system, and some students have difficulties in learning. This study attempts to explore the development of middle school students' mental models in organic chemistry learning in order to provide a factual basis for optimizing the teaching of organic chemistry in senior high schools. On the basis of literature research, this study defines the concept of mental model, discusses the related problems of mental model and the requirements of organic chemistry learning, and according to the Standard of Full-time compulsory Education Chemistry Curriculum, Under the guidance of expert teachers, a scientific model of organic chemistry related concepts is constructed, which is used to measure the consistency between the mental model and the scientific model of senior high school students. Then, by means of explanation, association, construction, application and interview, 24 students in Grade two and Grade three of two high schools in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, were selected for a case study. A preliminary understanding of the student organic chemistry mental model structure. On this basis, 258 sophomore and third-year students from two four-star high schools in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province were selected as the subjects of a questionnaire survey to further understand the development of the mental model of senior high school students. In the process of evidence analysis, the author discusses from the perspectives of the richness of experience and cognition, the degree of structurization of knowledge and the level of comprehensive application of mental models by means of the thought map drawn by the subjects. The results show that: (1) in the stage of high school organic chemistry, students initially form a structure-centered mental model, but they have difficulty in recognizing the structure of complex substances. (2) there is a lack of essential understanding of definitional concepts. Concepts with a high degree of abstraction tend to produce cognitive biases. In the process of forming the mental model, the examples that appear for the first time or are mentioned repeatedly are quite impressive. (3) the existing knowledge needs to be reproduced constantly, and the relationship between the new and the old knowledge can be better solidified in the mental model of the students. The existing experience and the content of the textbook have a great influence on the mental model. (4) students' memory strategies need to be improved, most of them receive new information by mechanical memory, and internalize the complex new information. He likes to speculate according to his own personal experience and to understand it in the way of "as the name implies". (5) students already have the consciousness of active construction, and timely summing up and reviewing can promote the structure of knowledge system. It is an important way to construct mental model. At the same time, the degree of knowledge structure in mental model determines the level of comprehensive application of mental model. In general, the level of comprehensive application of mental model is low. In the process of learning, we should strengthen the relationship between knowledge and life, enrich the understanding of situational information, so as to effectively match situation and knowledge. Promote the structure of knowledge system in order to solve problems correctly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:G633.8
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