【摘要】：實施素質(zhì)教育，促進全體學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展，提高全民族的科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)，是當(dāng)今教育的根本任務(wù)。然而，從我們的教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀來看，由于過重的學(xué)習(xí)壓力、教育方法的不當(dāng)，以及家庭和社會諸多因素的影響，部分學(xué)生出現(xiàn)了學(xué)習(xí)困難現(xiàn)象。在高中階段，不管是普通高中還是重點高中，學(xué)習(xí)困難現(xiàn)象尤以物理學(xué)習(xí)困難最為突出。究其原因，除了學(xué)生的身心因素和學(xué)科的知識因素外，隨著新課程改革的推進，發(fā)生了其他新的變化。因此，分析研究新的影響因素，并制定相應(yīng)的教學(xué)策略成為轉(zhuǎn)換物理學(xué)習(xí)困難學(xué)生的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。 針對學(xué)習(xí)困難現(xiàn)象，國內(nèi)外有關(guān)專家、學(xué)者從不同角度做了大量的研究。本文在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合物理學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)狀，以調(diào)查問卷和訪談為主要手段，以教育學(xué)、心理學(xué)理論為指導(dǎo)，研究分析物理學(xué)習(xí)困難的形成原因，并提出相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)化教學(xué)策略。其中，針對新課程改革過程中出現(xiàn)的問題，做了大量的調(diào)查分析，為轉(zhuǎn)化共性物理學(xué)習(xí)困難學(xué)生，做了必要的嘗試和探索，，提出了新的教學(xué)建議。 研究大量的調(diào)查問卷與訪談信息后發(fā)現(xiàn)，造成物理學(xué)習(xí)困難的因素中，學(xué)生因素主要表現(xiàn)為學(xué)習(xí)興趣和動力不足、物理思維能力偏弱、初高中的銜接障礙、新課程教學(xué)方法的不適應(yīng)、良好學(xué)習(xí)方法和習(xí)慣的缺失等等；教師因素主要表現(xiàn)為對學(xué)生情感投入過少、新課程課堂的駕馭能力偏弱、教學(xué)方法的使用不夠靈活、對學(xué)生的目標(biāo)要求過高等等。另外，物理學(xué)科綜合性的特點、家庭教育的溝通方式以及社會風(fēng)氣等因素對物理學(xué)習(xí)困難也有一定的影響。 通過研究分析物理學(xué)習(xí)困難的形成因素，結(jié)合教學(xué)經(jīng)驗與實踐，提出了相應(yīng)的教學(xué)對策：1.合理過渡，循序漸進，克服銜接障礙；2.深化實驗教學(xué)，提升困難學(xué)生的物理學(xué)習(xí)力；3.強化物理思維訓(xùn)練教學(xué)，發(fā)展學(xué)生的物理思維能力；4.因材施教，有的放矢；5.深刻理解新課程改革精髓，提高教師的業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:The basic task of education nowadays is to carry out quality education, to promote the all-round development of all students and to improve the scientific and cultural quality of the whole nation. However, according to the present situation of our teaching, some students have difficulty in learning because of the excessive pressure of study, the improper educational method and the influence of many factors of family and society. In the senior middle school, the phenomenon of learning difficulty is the most prominent in both the ordinary high school and the key high school. Besides the students' physical and mental factors and the knowledge factors of the subject, other new changes have taken place with the advancement of the new curriculum reform. Therefore, it is urgent for students with physical learning difficulties to analyze and study new influencing factors and formulate corresponding teaching strategies. In view of the phenomenon of learning difficulties, experts and scholars from different angles have done a lot of research at home and abroad. On this basis, combined with the present situation of physics learning, taking questionnaire and interview as the main means, and guided by pedagogy and psychology theory, this paper studies and analyzes the causes of physics learning difficulties, and puts forward the corresponding transformation teaching strategies. Aiming at the problems in the course of the new curriculum reform, this paper makes a lot of investigation and analysis, makes a necessary attempt and exploration for the transformation of students with common physics learning difficulties, and puts forward new teaching suggestions. After studying a large number of questionnaire and interview information, it is found that among the factors that cause physics learning difficulties, the main factors of students are lack of interest and motivation in learning, weak ability of thinking in physics, and obstacles of connecting between middle and high school. The main factors of teachers are too little emotional input to students, weak control ability of the new curriculum classroom, not flexible use of teaching methods, and so on, such as the inadaptability of new curriculum teaching methods, the lack of good learning methods and habits, etc. Ask too much for students' goals and so on. In addition, the comprehensive characteristics of physics, the communication mode of family education and social atmosphere also have certain influence on physics learning difficulties. Through the research and analysis of the forming factors of physics learning difficulties, combined with teaching experience and practice, the corresponding teaching countermeasures are put forward: 1. Reasonable transition, step by step, overcome the obstacles of cohesion; 2. Deepen the experiment teaching, improve the physics learning ability of the difficult students; 3. Strengthen the physics thinking training teaching, develop the students' physics thinking ability; 4. Teach students according to their aptitude. 5. Deeply understand the essence of the new curriculum reform, improve the professional quality of teachers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G633.7

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