【摘要】：地理概念作為概念的一個(gè)子系統(tǒng),是概念體系的一個(gè)重要組成部分。它是關(guān)于地理事物、地理現(xiàn)象、地理過程等的本質(zhì)屬性和特征的抽象概括,既是地理學(xué)科知識(shí)體系中最基本的構(gòu)成元素,也是地理思維的基本單位。因此,對(duì)地理概念的學(xué)習(xí)和掌握既是學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)各種地理事物的基礎(chǔ)、區(qū)分不同地理事物的依據(jù),也是學(xué)習(xí)地理原理性知識(shí)的前提,更是培養(yǎng)抽象思維能力的重要過程和方法。地理概念的學(xué)習(xí),是在教師的引導(dǎo)下學(xué)生獲得和掌握概念的學(xué)習(xí)過程,是系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)地理知識(shí)、培養(yǎng)地理抽象思維能力的重要環(huán)節(jié)和基礎(chǔ)。而在實(shí)際的地理教學(xué)中,地理概念的教學(xué)過程中的各種因素導(dǎo)致了學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)地理概念時(shí)往往出現(xiàn)各種障礙,難以建構(gòu)地理概念體系,從而難以實(shí)現(xiàn)地理系統(tǒng)知識(shí)和原理的遷移與運(yùn)用。因此,以學(xué)生為主體,發(fā)現(xiàn)高中地理概念學(xué)習(xí)中的各種學(xué)習(xí)障礙及因素,從各個(gè)方面有針對(duì)性地找出突破這些障礙因素的實(shí)用方法對(duì)地理教學(xué)意義重大。在汲取前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,本文堅(jiān)持以教育學(xué)和心理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論為科學(xué)指導(dǎo),并結(jié)合高中地理概念教學(xué)的實(shí)際,綜合運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究法、訪談法、問卷調(diào)查法、邏輯分析法、經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)法等多種研究方法和途徑,對(duì)高中地理概念的學(xué)習(xí)障礙進(jìn)行研究。從認(rèn)知發(fā)展方面論述了高中階段地理概念學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)于系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)地理知識(shí)、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生思維能力的重大意義,結(jié)合已有成果概述了地理概念的界定、分類與特點(diǎn)等。問卷調(diào)查部分是在深入江蘇、安徽等學(xué)校地理教學(xué)的一線進(jìn)行的,目的在于發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)中學(xué)生對(duì)于地理概念的學(xué)習(xí)存在的主要困難和障礙因素,為有針對(duì)性研究和提出解決方法提供實(shí)際依據(jù)。文中結(jié)合前人理論成果、訪談結(jié)果、問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果和個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和邏輯反思,將高中地理概念的學(xué)習(xí)障礙進(jìn)行了歸納和總結(jié),并主要從教師和學(xué)生的兩個(gè)主要的現(xiàn)實(shí)角度,針對(duì)每一種障礙產(chǎn)生的影響因素對(duì)克服障礙的方法進(jìn)行了探討。
[Abstract]:As a subsystem of concept, geographical concept is an important part of conceptual system. It is an abstract summary of the essential attributes and characteristics of geographical things, geographical phenomena, geographical processes, etc. It is not only the most basic constituent element in the knowledge system of geography discipline, but also the basic unit of geographical thinking. Therefore, learning and mastering the concept of geography is not only the basis of students' understanding of various geographical things, the basis of distinguishing different geographical things, but also the premise of learning the knowledge of geographical principles, as well as the important process and method of cultivating abstract thinking ability. The study of geographical concept is the learning process for students to acquire and master concepts under the guidance of teachers. It is an important link and foundation for systematically learning geographical knowledge and cultivating the ability of geography abstract thinking. However, in the actual geography teaching, various factors in the process of geography concept teaching often lead to various obstacles when students learn geography concept, so it is difficult to construct the geography concept system. Therefore, it is difficult to transfer and apply the knowledge and principles of geographic system. Therefore, taking the students as the main body, find out all kinds of learning obstacles and factors in the study of geography concept in senior high school, and find out the practical method to break through these obstacles from various aspects is of great significance to geography teaching. On the basis of the previous research results, this paper insists on taking the basic theories of pedagogy and psychology as the scientific guidance, and combining with the practice of geography concept teaching in senior high school, synthetically applies the methods of literature research, interview, questionnaire, etc. Logic analysis method, experience summary method and other research methods and ways to study the high school geography concept learning disability. From the aspect of cognitive development, this paper discusses the great significance of geography concept learning in senior high school for the systematic study of geography knowledge and the cultivation of students' thinking ability, and summarizes the definition, classification and characteristics of geographical concepts in combination with the existing achievements. Part of the questionnaire is carried out in Jiangsu, Anhui and other schools. The purpose of the questionnaire is to find out the main difficulties and obstacles in the study of geography concept in middle school students. It provides practical basis for research and solution. Combined with previous theoretical results, interview results, questionnaire survey results and personal experience and logical reflection, this paper sums up and summarizes the learning obstacles of geography concept in senior high school, and mainly from the two major practical perspectives of teachers and students. The methods of overcoming each obstacle are discussed according to the influencing factors of each obstacle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G633.55

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本文編號(hào)：2125616