本文選題：統(tǒng)計 + 概率�。� 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：這是一個信息爆炸的時代,網(wǎng)絡(luò)和計算機科技的飛速發(fā)展使我們每天被各種各樣、方方面面、隨機變換的信息包圍,如何篩選這些信息得到我們需要的,給我們的生活帶來便利,然后通過恰當(dāng)?shù)奶幚?使之為我們所用是當(dāng)前面臨的一個難題.從數(shù)學(xué)的角度來看,就是如何收集、整理、分析數(shù)據(jù)并從中獲取有價值的信息,作出合乎情理的決策,這是統(tǒng)計學(xué)的范疇；公民的日常生活由許許多多隨機變換的事件構(gòu)成,如何經(jīng)過合理的剖析,恰當(dāng)?shù)牧私膺@些事件來解決問題已經(jīng)成為一個新時代人民的必需品,這是概率論的范疇.統(tǒng)計與概率的相關(guān)知識在我們每一個人的日常生活中得到了越來越普遍的應(yīng)用,社會飛速發(fā)展,科技日新月異,對人才的要求也逐漸改變,義務(wù)教育階段和普通高中階段學(xué)生加強統(tǒng)計與概率的學(xué)習(xí)是十分必要的.數(shù)學(xué)在科學(xué)中的應(yīng)用具有不可思議的有效性,它的結(jié)論常常被認為是真理,但是辯證唯物主義告訴我們真理是相對的,數(shù)學(xué)中的定理、公式等是相對真理,它們的成立是有一定的條件的,并不是“放之四海而皆準”的絕對真理,概率與統(tǒng)計進入中學(xué)在很大程度上幫助學(xué)生理解數(shù)學(xué)真理的相對性.概率研究的是具有不確定性的隨機事件,這與學(xué)生長期接觸的數(shù)、式、圖形等確定性數(shù)學(xué)是不同的,隨機事件本質(zhì)上與辯證唯物主義發(fā)生認識論是相通的.本文首先分析了新課標(biāo)下小學(xué)、初中及高中各個階段統(tǒng)計與概率的目標(biāo)要求和內(nèi)容要求；接著從教材編寫方式和呈現(xiàn)方式兩方面具體全面的分析教材；最后研究了義務(wù)教育和普通高中階段統(tǒng)計與概率的銜接性與系統(tǒng)性,結(jié)合皮亞杰認知發(fā)展理論和維果茨基的社會文化觀,按照各個階段學(xué)生的認知水平,給教師提出相應(yīng)的教學(xué)建議.
[Abstract]:This is an era of information explosion, and with the rapid development of network and computer technology, every day we are surrounded by a variety of, all kinds of, random information, how to filter this information to get what we need. Bringing convenience to our lives and then dealing with them properly for our use is a current problem. From a mathematical point of view, how to collect, collate, analyze and extract valuable information and make reasonable decisions is a statistical matter; the daily life of citizens is made up of a lot of random events. How to properly understand these events to solve these problems has become a necessity for the people in a new era, which is the category of probability theory. The related knowledge of statistics and probability has been applied more and more commonly in the daily life of every one of us. With the rapid development of society and the rapid development of science and technology, the demand for talents has gradually changed. It is necessary for students in compulsory education and high school to strengthen the study of statistics and probability. The application of mathematics in science has inconceivable validity, its conclusion is often regarded as truth, but dialectical materialism tells us that truth is relative, theorems and formulas in mathematics are relative truth. There are certain conditions for their establishment, which is not the absolute truth of "letting the whole world fit". To a great extent, the entry of probability and statistics into the middle school helps students understand the relativity of mathematical truth. Probability studies random events with uncertainty, which is different from deterministic mathematics, such as numbers, formulas, graphs and so on, which students have been in contact with for a long time. In essence, random events are connected with dialectical materialist occurrence epistemology. This paper first analyzes the target requirements and content requirements of statistics and probability in each stage of primary, middle and senior middle schools under the new curriculum standard, and then analyzes the teaching materials from two aspects: the way of compiling textbooks and the way of presentation. Finally, the paper studies the connection and systematicness of statistics and probability in compulsory education and ordinary senior middle school, combining Piaget's cognitive development theory and Vygotsky's social and cultural view, according to the cognitive level of students in each stage. Put forward the corresponding teaching suggestion to the teacher.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G633.6

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本文編號：1779497