本文關(guān)鍵詞： 古典詩(shī)歌 空白結(jié)構(gòu) 教學(xué)層次 教學(xué)策略　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為中國(guó)古典文學(xué)的巔峰，詩(shī)歌在當(dāng)前的語(yǔ)文教學(xué)中越來(lái)越受重視。古典詩(shī)歌的空白結(jié)構(gòu)作為創(chuàng)構(gòu)文本的一種潛結(jié)構(gòu)，聚集了大量的潛在信息，形成了詩(shī)歌的意境，蘊(yùn)含著中華文化中獨(dú)有的只可意會(huì)不可言傳的巨大審美張力，是語(yǔ)文教學(xué)中必須要注意卻較難把握的一個(gè)部分，不見(jiàn)空白和亂補(bǔ)空白的教學(xué)亂象依然大量存在。 如何突破古典詩(shī)歌“有言”的困境，在其“不著一字”的空白結(jié)構(gòu)里“盡得風(fēng)流”呢？本文試從古典詩(shī)歌空白結(jié)構(gòu)的理論出發(fā)，結(jié)合其在中學(xué)語(yǔ)文教學(xué)實(shí)踐中的具體體現(xiàn)和運(yùn)用進(jìn)行探討。 古典詩(shī)歌的空白結(jié)構(gòu)是指中國(guó)古典詩(shī)歌中所存在的語(yǔ)言空缺、敘述中斷或者敘事要素的缺席等斷裂和不連貫的空間結(jié)構(gòu)。它是古典詩(shī)歌無(wú)言的意義建構(gòu)方式，召喚讀者通過(guò)聯(lián)想、想象、體味等方式進(jìn)行填充、完善和建構(gòu)，具有含蓄性、開(kāi)放性、建構(gòu)性的審美特征。詩(shī)歌文本本身、文本的創(chuàng)作與接受等為古典詩(shī)歌空白結(jié)構(gòu)的形成提供了條件和土壤。尋找與填補(bǔ)文本結(jié)構(gòu)中的空白，可以提高學(xué)生對(duì)詩(shī)歌文本的理解程度，讓詩(shī)歌教學(xué)更加高效，在這片躍動(dòng)著生命的無(wú)邊虛白中實(shí)現(xiàn)終極的人文關(guān)懷。細(xì)觀古典詩(shī)歌空白結(jié)構(gòu)的教學(xué)層次，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)形式層、再現(xiàn)層、表現(xiàn)層三個(gè)層面層層留白：我們可以著眼于在古典詩(shī)歌空白結(jié)構(gòu)的形式層教學(xué)，捕捉文字形象空白，感受語(yǔ)言音樂(lè)空白，了解句式結(jié)構(gòu)空白，把握整體風(fēng)格空白；可以著眼于古典詩(shī)歌空白結(jié)構(gòu)的再現(xiàn)層教學(xué)，揣摩意象空白，描述詩(shī)境空白；可以著眼于古典詩(shī)歌空白結(jié)構(gòu)的表現(xiàn)層教學(xué)，理解多元語(yǔ)義空白，品味悖謬語(yǔ)義空白，領(lǐng)悟模糊語(yǔ)義空白。在具體的教學(xué)實(shí)踐中，教師應(yīng)努力提高自己對(duì)詩(shī)歌文本的解讀能力，準(zhǔn)確把握古典詩(shī)歌的空白結(jié)構(gòu)，重視學(xué)生體悟詩(shī)歌空白的心理過(guò)程，設(shè)計(jì)一套行之有效的尋找空白、填補(bǔ)空白的教學(xué)策略：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)探尋空白結(jié)構(gòu)的情境之美，品讀感知空白結(jié)構(gòu)的精彩美點(diǎn)，字斟句酌空白結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)用之妙，深悟填補(bǔ)空白結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)在意蘊(yùn)，以寬容理解的心態(tài)給學(xué)生創(chuàng)造一個(gè)心靈馳騁的空白空間，以自身的積極參與一步步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生透過(guò)表象深入實(shí)質(zhì)，向更寬廣更深邃的詩(shī)意世界探索，自有限處見(jiàn)無(wú)限，于微塵處見(jiàn)大千。針對(duì)古典詩(shī)歌空白結(jié)構(gòu)教學(xué)中可能出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，本文進(jìn)行了分類總結(jié)，并提出了相應(yīng)的解決辦法，如：貼近文本選擇性填補(bǔ)空白結(jié)構(gòu)，尊重文本進(jìn)行主體性解讀，，巧妙運(yùn)用布白式教學(xué)，豐富填補(bǔ)語(yǔ)感圖式等。最后，根據(jù)以上對(duì)古典詩(shī)歌空白結(jié)構(gòu)與教學(xué)的理論研究和實(shí)踐探討，整理出一個(gè)典型的教學(xué)案例：《登高教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)》，以個(gè)案的形式對(duì)文中觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證。
[Abstract]:As the peak of Chinese classical literature, poetry is paid more and more attention in the current Chinese teaching. The blank structure of classical poetry, as a latent structure of creating text, gathers a lot of potential information and forms the artistic conception of poetry. It contains a huge aesthetic tension which can only be unspeakable in Chinese culture. It is a part of Chinese teaching that must be paid attention to but difficult to grasp. How to break through the dilemma of classical poetry "have words", in its "not a word" in the blank structure of the "to do so"? Based on the theory of blank structure of classical poetry, this paper discusses its concrete embodiment and application in the practice of Chinese teaching in middle school. The blank structure of classical poetry refers to the language vacancy in classical Chinese poetry, the break of narrative interruption or the absence of narrative elements, and the discontinuous spatial structure, which is the silent construction of meaning in classical poetry. The readers are filled, perfected and constructed by association, imagination and body taste, which have the aesthetic characteristics of implicature, openness and constructiveness. The creation and acceptance of texts provide the conditions and soil for the formation of the blank structure of classical poetry. Finding and filling the gaps in the structure of texts can improve students' understanding of poetry texts and make poetry teaching more efficient. To realize the ultimate humanistic concern in this boundless blankness of life. If we look at the teaching level of the blank structure of classical poetry, we will find the formal layer, the reproduction layer, We can focus on teaching in the form layer of blank structure of classical poetry, capture the blank of character image, feel the blank of language music, understand the blank of sentence structure and grasp the blank of whole style; We can focus on the reconstruction of classical poetry blank structure teaching, figure out the image blank, describe the poetic blank, can focus on the classical poetry blank structure performance layer teaching, understand the multi-semantic blank, taste the paradoxical semantic blank, In the concrete teaching practice, teachers should improve their reading ability of poetry text, grasp the blank structure of classical poetry accurately, and attach importance to the psychological process of understanding poetry blank. To design a set of effective teaching strategies to find and fill the blank: to guide students to create the beauty of the situation to explore the blank structure, to read the wonderful beauty of the perceptual blank structure, and to choose the pragmatic beauty of the blank structure. Deeply understand the inner meaning of filling in the blank structure, create a blank space for students to gallop with their mind with tolerance and understanding, and guide students step by step through the appearance of the essence with their active participation. To explore the broader and deeper poetic world, we can see the infinite from the limited place, see the big thousand in the dust. In view of the problems which may appear in the blank structure teaching of classical poetry, this paper has carried on the classification summary, and has proposed the corresponding solution. Such as: close to the text to fill in the blank structure selectively, respect the text for subjective interpretation, skillfully use the cloth white teaching, enrich the filling language sense schema and so on. Finally, According to the above theoretical research and practical discussion on the blank structure and teaching of classical poetry, a typical teaching case, "Teaching Design for climbing High", is put forward to demonstrate the viewpoint of the paper in the form of individual cases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G633.3

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