本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高中數(shù)學(xué) 算法初步 教材比較 調(diào)查研究 教學(xué)建議　出處：《贛南師范學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：新課程改革后,算法第一次進(jìn)入高中數(shù)學(xué)。教材也由原來的一綱一本變成現(xiàn)在的一綱多本。目前在全國普遍被使用的六套高中數(shù)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書在這一部分的呈現(xiàn)方式各有特色。為更全面地了解算法教材的編寫和實(shí)施情況,本研究從教科書研究的“內(nèi)在”、“外在”兩種范式的兩個(gè)方面入手。一是研究不同版本教科書本身的特點(diǎn),二是教材使用者——教師與學(xué)生對教材的看法,再結(jié)合兩個(gè)方面的研究結(jié)論為教材編寫者和教材使用者提供一些建議。為了更清楚地了解算法的教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀,在江西省某重點(diǎn)中學(xué)對部分教師和學(xué)生進(jìn)行了問卷調(diào)查和訪談。分別就對算法加入高中數(shù)學(xué)的態(tài)度與看法、對教材整體的滿意度、對例題習(xí)題的滿意度、教學(xué)或?qū)W習(xí)中遇到的困難四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)教師、學(xué)生對算法加入高中數(shù)學(xué)持肯定的態(tài)度,對北師大版教材的整體架構(gòu)也比較滿意,認(rèn)為教材在提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣、促進(jìn)學(xué)生合作交流等方面都做了積極的努力。但是在例題習(xí)題的背景素材、難度、容量等方面也有不同的聲音。并且教師在教學(xué)和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)算法這部分內(nèi)容時(shí)都有一定程度的應(yīng)試思想。學(xué)習(xí)理解的側(cè)重點(diǎn)都在考試內(nèi)容上,而不是滲透算法思想,利用算法思想解決問題。這和算法教育的初衷是相背離的。在教材比較上從宏觀與微觀兩個(gè)緯度對六套教科書中算法部分進(jìn)行比較分析。宏觀緯度選取了教材整體結(jié)構(gòu)、章節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)和個(gè)小節(jié)基本結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)大的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析,其中教材整體結(jié)構(gòu)選取了章節(jié)位置和知識容量兩個(gè)角度對比,章節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)則選取了章節(jié)前言和章節(jié)目錄兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析。微觀緯度選取了例題數(shù)量、類型與難度和練習(xí)數(shù)量、類型與難度三個(gè)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行比較分析。整體而言,六個(gè)版本的教材都是經(jīng)過教育部審查通過的,質(zhì)量較高的新課程數(shù)學(xué)教材。教材在這一章對課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所涉及的基本知識和基本技能都能夠按照由淺入深、螺旋上升的規(guī)律全面體現(xiàn)。但也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)不同版本的教材還是存在比較大的差異。在研究的基礎(chǔ)上覺得教材編寫者可以在章節(jié)位置做適當(dāng)調(diào)整。把算法放在第一章學(xué)完算法再來學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì),更有利于學(xué)生在遇到較復(fù)雜問題時(shí)用算法思想考慮。章頭引言可以更加豐富。湘教版巧妙地將本章主要內(nèi)容寫成一首詩的形式,讓人回味無窮,值得其它版本借鑒。每節(jié)課的導(dǎo)入可以更生動(dòng)有趣。例題、習(xí)題背景素材可以更豐富,難度適當(dāng)降低。而教師應(yīng)該在提高專業(yè)知識素養(yǎng),端正教學(xué)思想,重視學(xué)生能力的培養(yǎng)等方面繼續(xù)努力。
[Abstract]:After the new curriculum reform, the first algorithm into the high school mathematics textbooks. From an outline of a now become a key links in the country. Currently widely used six sets of mathematics trial textbooks for senior high school students in this part of the presentation of different features. For a more comprehensive understanding of the implementation of teaching material compilation and algorithm this study, from the research on the textbook "inside", "two aspects outside" two paradigms. One is to study the characteristics of the two different versions of the textbooks, teachers and students is the textbook users -- views on teaching materials, combined with the two aspects of the research conclusions provide some suggestions to the teaching materials and textbooks users in order to more clearly understand the current teaching method, in a key middle school in Jiangxi Province on the part of teachers and students conducted a questionnaire survey and interviews respectively. On the high school mathematics attitude and join algorithm On the teaching view, the overall satisfaction, satisfaction of examples and exercises, the four aspects of teaching or learning difficulties encountered in the analysis. We find that teachers, students hold a positive attitude on Algorithm with high school mathematics, the overall architecture of Beijing Normal University Edition is also quite satisfactory, as textbooks to improve student interest in learning to promote. The student exchanges and cooperation have made positive efforts. But the difficulty in the examples and exercises, etc. the capacity of background material, there are different voices. And learning algorithm in this part in the teaching and the students have a certain degree of examination thought. Emphasis in learning to understand the content of the examination, not penetrate algorithm thought, using algorithm to solve the problem. This algorithm and the original intention of education is the phase deviation. In the comparison of textbooks on from macroscopic and microcosmic two dimensions of the six sets of textbooks in the part of the algorithm than Compared with the analysis of the overall structure. The macro latitude selected materials, analyze the basic structure and section structure sections of three major indicators, including the overall structure of the teaching material selection compared two aspects section location and capacity of knowledge, the chapter structure selects two aspects chapter preface and chapter directory analysis. Selected examples of the number of micro latitude the number, type and difficulty and exercises, type and difficulty of three indicators were compared. Overall, six versions of the textbook are reviewed by the Ministry of education by the new curriculum, mathematics textbooks of high quality teaching materials. In this chapter the basic knowledge related to curriculum standard and basic skills are able to follow from the shallower to the deeper the spiral, fully embodies the law. But can also be found in different versions of textbooks are still relatively large differences. On the basis of the research that the textbook in Chapter Joint position to make the appropriate adjustments. The algorithm in the first chapter, learning algorithm then learn statistics, more conducive to students with the algorithm considered in the encounter complex problems. First introduction can be more abundant. Hunan edition skillfully combines the main content of this chapter is written in the form of a poem, and memorable, worthy of other versions reference. Introduction of each class can be more vivid and interesting. Examples, exercises background material can be enriched, the difficulty is reduced appropriately. And teachers should improve the professional knowledge, correct teaching thinking, attach importance to the cultivation of students' ability to continue efforts.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：贛南師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G633.6

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本文編號：1545073