本文關(guān)鍵詞：高中化學(xué)“晶體結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)”知識結(jié)構(gòu)化教學(xué)的研究　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：高中化學(xué)教材中的“晶體結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)”內(nèi)容,是微觀分子、原子結(jié)構(gòu)與宏觀物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系的橋梁,該部分知識有助于學(xué)生建立系統(tǒng)、完整的物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)觀,在中學(xué)化學(xué)教學(xué)中占有重要地位�！熬w結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)”內(nèi)容邏輯性較強,需要學(xué)生建構(gòu)知識之間的相互關(guān)系。但大部分學(xué)生很少構(gòu)建自己的知識網(wǎng)絡(luò),不善于從多角度、多層面去理解、整理相關(guān)的知識,因此在學(xué)習(xí)該部分內(nèi)容時存在困難。知識結(jié)構(gòu)化是指根據(jù)知識之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性和知識的共同特征,把所學(xué)知識形成知識組塊,進(jìn)而形成良好的知識結(jié)構(gòu)的過程。知識結(jié)構(gòu)化的目的就是為了讓學(xué)生形成良好的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)。促進(jìn)知識結(jié)構(gòu)化有利于學(xué)生對知識信息的記憶、檢索和提取,有利于增進(jìn)知識之間的聯(lián)系,為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)“晶體結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)”相關(guān)內(nèi)容提供幫助。本研究首先通過文獻(xiàn)梳理,綜述了國內(nèi)外關(guān)于知識結(jié)構(gòu)化和高中化學(xué)“晶體結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)”教學(xué)方面的研究。其次通過研讀相關(guān)資料,歸納總結(jié)了促進(jìn)“晶體結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)”知識結(jié)構(gòu)化的教學(xué)策略。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過對“晶體結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)”的教學(xué)內(nèi)容的分析并進(jìn)行了相關(guān)內(nèi)容教學(xué)片斷的設(shè)計。在實踐研究中,首先通過問卷調(diào)查的方式對學(xué)生對化學(xué)知識結(jié)構(gòu)化的認(rèn)識和“晶體結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)”內(nèi)容的掌握情況等進(jìn)行了調(diào)查分析,然后實施“晶體結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)”結(jié)構(gòu)化習(xí)題課教學(xué),重點分析教學(xué)的實際效果。實踐表明,“晶體結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)”知識結(jié)構(gòu)化教學(xué)可以促進(jìn)學(xué)生頭腦中知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建構(gòu),對學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)“晶體結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)”內(nèi)容有很大幫助。
[Abstract]:The content of "crystal structure and property" in chemistry textbook of senior high school is the bridge between micro molecule, atomic structure and macroscopical material. This part of knowledge is helpful for students to establish a systematic and complete view of material structure. The content of "crystal structure and nature" is logical, which requires students to construct the relationship between knowledge, but most students rarely build their own knowledge network. Not good at understanding and sorting out the relevant knowledge from many angles and multiple levels, so there are difficulties in learning this part of the content. Knowledge structuring refers to the relevance of knowledge and the common characteristics of knowledge. Form knowledge into blocks of knowledge. The purpose of knowledge structure is to make students form a good cognitive structure, and to promote knowledge structure is conducive to students' memory, retrieval and extraction of knowledge information. This study is helpful to improve the relationship between knowledge and provide help for students to learn about "crystal structure and properties". This paper summarizes the research on knowledge structure and the teaching of "crystal structure and properties" in senior high school chemistry at home and abroad. The teaching strategies to promote the knowledge structure of crystal structure and properties are summarized. Based on the analysis of the teaching contents of Crystal structure and Properties, this paper designs the teaching fragments of the relevant contents. First of all, through the way of questionnaire survey, the students' understanding of the structure of chemical knowledge and the grasp of the content of "crystal structure and nature" were investigated and analyzed. Then, the teaching of structured exercises "Crystal structure and Nature" is carried out, with emphasis on the actual effect of teaching. The practice shows that. The structured teaching of "crystal structure and nature" can promote the construction of knowledge network in students' minds, and it is of great help for students to learn the content of "crystal structure and nature".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G633.8

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