本文關(guān)鍵詞：初中化學(xué)教學(xué)中科學(xué)方法教育的現(xiàn)狀及對策研究　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：科學(xué)方法是科學(xué)素養(yǎng)的重要部分,科學(xué)方法教育是學(xué)生獲取科學(xué)知識、培養(yǎng)探究精神的重要途徑。新課程的改革,凸顯了科學(xué)方法教育的重要性�；瘜W(xué)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的三維目標(biāo)包含了“過程與方法”,其可以指單個學(xué)科的探究過程與探究方法,也可以指為了達(dá)到教學(xué)目標(biāo)所必須經(jīng)歷的程序,還可以指學(xué)生通過發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題、解決問題而獲取知識的過程。但是科學(xué)方法是與知識不同的,知識涉及的是物質(zhì)世界本身,科學(xué)方法涉及的卻是認(rèn)識物質(zhì)世界的途徑和方式,具有高度抽象性。正因為如此,科學(xué)方法是不能直接通過學(xué)科知識表達(dá),它有著較為獨特的表達(dá)方式,比起概念、定義、公式等更加的隱蔽�？茖W(xué)并不單單是對自然規(guī)律的揭示,相比之下更重要的是研究自然規(guī)律的方法,如果一門學(xué)科不能夠形成自己特有的科學(xué)方法,就不能將其稱為科學(xué)。不同學(xué)科依據(jù)自身研究對象的特性,構(gòu)建符合掌握這種特性的方法,就是這門學(xué)科特有的工作方法以及思維方法。在初中化學(xué)教學(xué)實踐中,講授化學(xué)學(xué)科知識時,充分體驗科學(xué)認(rèn)識是從感性、理性到應(yīng)用的過程,強調(diào)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的方法,結(jié)合具體的教學(xué)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行落實。這要求學(xué)生在化學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中能夠接受科學(xué)方法教育,并且對科學(xué)方法的使用達(dá)到較高的運用水平。本文主要分為四個部分：第一部分闡述了科學(xué)方法教育提出的意義。第二部分介紹了科學(xué)方法的核心概念和原則。第三部分將常見的化學(xué)科學(xué)方法做了整理,并且結(jié)合化學(xué)教學(xué)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了案例分析。第四部分是對于問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果的處理和分析,從教師和學(xué)生這兩個方面了解初中化學(xué)科學(xué)方法教育的現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)現(xiàn)化學(xué)課堂教學(xué)中科學(xué)方法教育存在的問題和不足之處。調(diào)查的學(xué)校分為農(nóng)村中學(xué)和城區(qū)中學(xué),從兩個不同類型學(xué)校的學(xué)生回答情況中了解學(xué)校地區(qū)因素對科學(xué)方法教育的影響。通過問卷調(diào)查及分析,得出以下的結(jié)論：(1)初中生化學(xué)科學(xué)方法處于較低的使用水平,對于科學(xué)方法的應(yīng)用以及意義只處在表面階段；(2)不同類型學(xué)校的學(xué)生,對于科學(xué)方法的掌握水平也是存在一定差異的,相對于農(nóng)村中學(xué),城區(qū)中學(xué)學(xué)生對科學(xué)方法的掌握水平和思想觀念略高；(3)不同類型學(xué)校的學(xué)生大部分認(rèn)為科學(xué)方法的學(xué)習(xí)是有必要的；(4)教師能夠做到在課堂上有意識做到科學(xué)方法教育,但是對于科學(xué)方法教育的方式較為保守；(5)教師的教學(xué)行為對學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水平有著較大的影響。第五部分,根據(jù)調(diào)查分析結(jié)果,有針對性的提出了五條初中化學(xué)科學(xué)方法教育的教學(xué)對策。科學(xué)方法是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)能力的有力工具、是全面提高學(xué)生科學(xué)素養(yǎng)保證學(xué)生可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要因素。授人以魚不如授人以漁,科學(xué)方法就是“漁”,加強科學(xué)方法教育是培養(yǎng)新世紀(jì)學(xué)生的必經(jīng)之路,雖然科學(xué)方法教育具有長期性和艱巨性的特點,但是肯定值得廣大教師繼續(xù)努力推廣和發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The scientific method is an important part of scientific literacy, scientific method education is for students to acquire scientific knowledge, an important way to cultivate the spirit of inquiry. The new curriculum reform, highlighting the importance of scientific method education. 3D chemistry curriculum standard includes the "process and method", which can refer to and explore the method to explore the process of a single subject. Can also refer to the experience in order to achieve the goal of teaching the necessary procedures, you can also refer to the analysis of the students found the problem, solve the problem, and the process of acquiring knowledge. But the scientific method and knowledge is different, knowledge is related to the material world itself, ways and means of physical science methods involved is highly recognized, abstract. Because of this, the scientific method is not directly through the knowledge expression, it has a way of expression is more unique than the concept, definition, formula etc. With the subtle. Science does not only reveal the laws of nature, compared with the more important is the method of studying the law of nature, if a subject could not form their own unique scientific method, cannot be called science. According to the characteristics of the different disciplines of research object, construct a method to master this characteristic. The work is unique in this subject and thinking methods. In Chemistry Teaching in junior middle school, the teaching of chemistry knowledge, experience the full scientific understanding is from the perceptual to rational, application process, learning method emphasizes the cultivation of students, combined with the specific teaching content of implementation. This requires students to be able to accept the education of scientific methods in in chemistry learning, and the use of scientific methods to achieve a higher level of use. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part expounds the meaning of scientific method education Meaning. The second part introduces the core concepts and principles of the scientific method. The third part will be the common chemical scientific methods to do the finishing, and combined with the content of chemistry teaching is analyzed. The fourth part is the processing and analysis for the results of a questionnaire survey, to understand the status quo of scientific method education in junior middle school chemistry teachers and students from the two aspects there, the education of scientific methods in chemistry classroom teaching problems and shortcomings. The schools are divided into rural middle school and middle school, from two different types of school students answer about the school factors influence on the area of the education with scientific methods. Through the questionnaire survey and analysis, draw the following conclusions: (1) chemical the scientific method of junior middle school students in the low level of use for the application and the significance of the scientific method in the surface phase; (2) in different types of schools, for The scientific method mastery level also exists some differences, with respect to the rural middle school, high school students in the urban area of scientific methods and ideas of a slightly higher level of mastery; (3) different types of school students mostly think learning scientific methods is necessary; (4) the teacher can do in the classroom consciously do scientific method education however, for scientific education method is conservative; (5) have a greater influence on the teaching behavior of teachers on students' cognitive level. In the fifth part, according to the survey results, puts forward the teaching strategies of five junior high school chemistry science education. The scientific method is a powerful tool to cultivate students' basic ability comprehensively improve the scientific literacy of students, is an important factor to ensure the sustainable development of the students. Teach a man to fish as delegate to fish, "fish", the scientific method is to strengthen the scientific method of teaching Education is the only way to train students in the new century. Although the scientific method education has the characteristics of long-term and arduous, it is worth the efforts of teachers to continue to promote and develop.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G633.8

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