本文關(guān)鍵詞：全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷物理試題變化剖析　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷物理試題 新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 高考改革 統(tǒng)計分析

【摘要】：改革開放以來我國經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技等迅猛發(fā)展,人才是這個時代最可貴的。雖然我國基礎(chǔ)教育課程建設(shè)目前已取得了顯著成績,但是總體水平還不是很高,原有的基礎(chǔ)教育政策已不能與現(xiàn)在國家的發(fā)展軌跡完全吻合,我們需要通過改革,有一個新的教育面貌。2014年,新一輪高考改革開始,這次高考改革從高考結(jié)構(gòu)、時間、內(nèi)容以及后續(xù)的招生制度上作了一系列重大的策略調(diào)整,引起了社會的廣泛關(guān)注,尤其是在教育界。最重要的是,高考又重回全國卷時代。2014年9月公布的《國務(wù)院關(guān)于深化考試招生制度改革的實施意見》中明確指出“2015年起增加使用全國統(tǒng)一命題試卷的省份”。從統(tǒng)一命題到分省自主命題,再回到以統(tǒng)一命題為主并不是一個簡單的反復(fù)過程。教育專家們認(rèn)為,這次“回歸”最為關(guān)鍵的作用在于保證高考試題科學(xué)性和整體水平,推動形成“以統(tǒng)一命題為主,少數(shù)有條件的省份繼續(xù)實行分省命題的大格局,最終目標(biāo)是達(dá)到公平和效率的最大化”。本文通過對新課程目標(biāo)、新課改、高考改革的歷史梳理以及《普通高中物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實驗)》基本理念和主要特點的解讀,再借助計算器和Excel,對2010年到2015年這六年的全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷物理高考試題進(jìn)行了如下研究:首先,我們從以下九個方面進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)計分析:題型、教材章節(jié)、分值、知識板塊、考試大綱知識點、概念或現(xiàn)象或規(guī)律、主要方法或類型、能力要求、難度。其次,按照試卷結(jié)構(gòu)對選擇題、實驗題、計算題、選做題四個題型從試題個數(shù)、分值、所占百分比進(jìn)行對比分析。再次,對試卷考查內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了知識板塊、能力要求、各章節(jié)的統(tǒng)計分析,分析了各自的分值、分值比重、試題數(shù)量等。最后,在以上試題的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計分析基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)了六年來高考物理《考試大綱》及試題內(nèi)容的變化以及規(guī)律。從物理情境、問題設(shè)問方式、計算量與思維量等四個角度對2010年到2015年共計六套全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷物理試題的必考知識和選考知識的內(nèi)容考查變化情況做了細(xì)致分析,并總結(jié)了力學(xué)題目、電磁學(xué)題目、熱學(xué)題目、光學(xué)題目、原子物理學(xué)題目中常見的解題方法和所用到的數(shù)學(xué)方法進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。根據(jù)本文對2010年到2015年全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷物理試題的深入剖析,發(fā)現(xiàn)試題呈現(xiàn)以下幾個主要特色:一是,力學(xué)的物理基礎(chǔ)地位得到重視,其考查力度也加大;二是,實驗題脫胎于課本實驗,越來越新穎,突出新課標(biāo)中實驗?zāi)芰Φ目疾?三是,計算題難度下降,且加大力學(xué)試題分量;四是,選考部分難度越來越大,2016年新增一個Ⅱ級新考點-“動量定理”,且考查內(nèi)容及形式都有新的變化。所有統(tǒng)計分析工作完結(jié)之后,根據(jù)以上對2010年到2015年的六套全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷物理試題整體剖析的結(jié)果,筆者對師生提出了教學(xué)建議和高考復(fù)習(xí)建議,為中學(xué)物理教學(xué)工作提供參考和借鑒。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening to the outside world, our country's economy and science and technology have developed rapidly, and talents are the most valuable in this era. Although the basic education curriculum in China has achieved remarkable achievements, the overall level is not very high. The original basic education policy is no longer consistent with the development track of the nation now. We need to have a new educational outlook through reform. In 2014, the new round of college entrance examination reform began. This college entrance examination reform has made a series of major strategic adjustments from the structure, time, content and follow-up enrollment system of the college entrance examination, which has aroused widespread concern in the society, especially in the educational field. The most important thing is that the college entrance examination is back to the time of the country. In September 2014, the State Council's Implementing Opinions on deepening the reform of examination and enrollment system clearly pointed out that "the province that increased the use of national unified examination papers in 2015" is clear. It is not a simple and repeated process from the unified proposition to the autonomous proposition of the province, and then to the unification of the propositions. Education experts believe that the "return" is the most important role is to ensure that the college entrance examination and the overall level of science, promote the formation of "unified proposition, few conditional provinces continue to implement the pattern of provincial proposition, the ultimate goal is to maximize fairness and efficiency". Based on the goal of the new curriculum, the new curriculum reform, the reform of college entrance examination of the history and the "ordinary high school physics curriculum standard (Experiment)" interpretation of the basic concepts and main characteristics, and then use a calculator and Excel, on 2010 to the new curriculum of the six years of the 2015 volume of physical examination was carried out as follows: first of all, we conducted a systematic analysis from the following nine aspects: types, chapters, values, knowledge, knowledge, exam outline plate concepts or phenomena or laws, main types, methods or skills, difficulty. Secondly, according to the structure of the test paper, four questions, the number, the score and the percentage of the test questions, are compared and analyzed. Thirdly, the knowledge contents, requirements and chapters of the examination papers were statistically analyzed, and their scores, proportion and number of questions were analyzed. Finally, on the basis of the statistics and analysis of the above questions, the changes and rules of the examination outline and the content of the exam in the six years are summarized. A total of six sets of the new curriculum standard of physics test volume of knowledge and knowledge of the compulsory elective content examination changes to do a detailed analysis on 2010 to 2015 from the physical situation, the question, four aspects of calculation and thinking, and summarizes the common problems and solving methods of mechanical and thermal problems, optical electromagnetics problems the title, the title of atomic physics and mathematical methods used are summarized. According to the 2010 2015 national new curriculum standard of physics test volume in-depth analysis, found that the test show the following main characteristics: one is the physical basis of the mechanical position, get attention, the research efforts are also increasing; two, the experimental problem originated from the textbook experiment, more and more experimental novel, outstanding ability in the new curriculum examination the three is the calculation problem; difficulty is decreased, and increase efforts to learn test component; four is optional, part of more and more difficult, in 2016 added a class II new test - "momentum theorem", and examine the content and form have changed new. After the completion of all statistical analysis, based on the above analysis of the six sets of new national curriculum standards from 2010 to 2015, I put forward teaching suggestions and recommendations for college entrance examination, providing reference for middle school physics teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G633.7

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