本文選題：虛擬社區(qū) + 知識(shí)共享　； 參考：《東華大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：在知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代,知識(shí)這種無形資源正逐步取代傳統(tǒng)的有形資源(如土地、自然資源、資本和勞動(dòng)力等)成為推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步的關(guān)鍵因素,“知識(shí)就是力量”即是對此最好的詮釋。然而大部分的組織和個(gè)人不可能擁有其所需的所有知識(shí),而必須依賴與外界的知識(shí)共享來獲取新的知識(shí)。 隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和普及,人與人之間的知識(shí)共享與交流不一定需要面對面,還可以憑借各種電子媒介,形成新的網(wǎng)上交流空間--虛擬社區(qū)(Virtual Community)。虛擬社區(qū)這種新的交流方式使得知識(shí)的共享與傳播達(dá)到了前所未有的迅捷和廣度,順應(yīng)了人們迫切的知識(shí)共享與學(xué)習(xí)的需求,在短短的時(shí)間里得到了迅猛發(fā)展,引起了理論界和企業(yè)界的關(guān)注,虛擬社區(qū)的興起被認(rèn)為是知識(shí)管理研究的重要推動(dòng)力。 作為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的交流平臺(tái),豐富的知識(shí)、熱烈的討論、及時(shí)的互動(dòng)是虛擬社區(qū)繁榮發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)志,如果社區(qū)內(nèi)的成員積極參與知識(shí)共享,使虛擬社區(qū)成為匯集人氣的空間和平臺(tái),那么他們也就會(huì)為虛擬社區(qū)經(jīng)營者創(chuàng)造更大的利益,因此虛擬社區(qū)經(jīng)營者的重要目標(biāo)之一就是促進(jìn)社區(qū)內(nèi)成員之間的知識(shí)共享與交流。雖然虛擬社區(qū)為知識(shí)共享提供了一個(gè)便捷的交流平臺(tái),但并不是只要建了它,人們就會(huì)積極來參與共享。相對于知名社區(qū)網(wǎng)站,還有很多虛擬社區(qū)面臨著用戶參與不足、知識(shí)共享交流氣氛不濃等問題,以致社區(qū)創(chuàng)建之后很快便走向衰落。因此,有必要研究虛擬社區(qū)中知識(shí)共享行為的形成機(jī)制與影響因素,進(jìn)而探尋提高虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享水平的措施。 從嚴(yán)格意義上來說,知識(shí)并不能脫離作為其主體的人而單獨(dú)存在,知識(shí)是隱藏在人腦之中的,所以知識(shí)的共享傳播是通過人與人之間的交互而產(chǎn)生的。近年來,學(xué)者們越來越關(guān)注知識(shí)共享活動(dòng)背后的人與人之間的社會(huì)關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò),基于社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的知識(shí)共享研究成為新興的研究范式。該范式從社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)系和結(jié)構(gòu)角度來分析知識(shí)共享行為。 目前基于社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的知識(shí)共享研究大都是針對團(tuán)隊(duì)或組織的,這些研究多采用實(shí)證研究的方法通過對各種橫向數(shù)據(jù)的分析研究影響知識(shí)共享行為的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的關(guān)系和結(jié)構(gòu)因素。虛擬社區(qū)的虛擬性和開放性使得虛擬社區(qū)的知識(shí)共享有別于傳統(tǒng)組織、團(tuán)隊(duì)中的知識(shí)共享,有其特殊性。虛擬社區(qū)中知識(shí)共享的過程和特點(diǎn)有待進(jìn)一步的探討分析,同時(shí),虛擬社區(qū)中成員間的社會(huì)關(guān)系也有別于傳統(tǒng)組織或團(tuán)隊(duì)中的社會(huì)關(guān)系,其社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)和對知識(shí)共享的影響作用也有待于進(jìn)一步探究。 本文正是基于以上背景,在前人的研究基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論、知識(shí)共享理論和公共物品理論,運(yùn)用社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法和軟件工具,結(jié)合對一個(gè)專業(yè)虛擬社區(qū)的實(shí)證分析開展基于社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的虛擬社區(qū)中的知識(shí)共享研究。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容包括： (1)基于社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享研究理論框架的建立。從虛擬社區(qū)與傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的對比分析得出了虛擬社區(qū)的特點(diǎn),進(jìn)而對虛擬社區(qū)中的知識(shí)共享過程進(jìn)行分析與闡述,總結(jié)了虛擬社區(qū)中的知識(shí)共享相對于傳統(tǒng)的組織知識(shí)共享的特點(diǎn),并對虛擬社區(qū)中的知識(shí)共享水平的衡量提出了量化的方法；最后,從社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的視角分析了虛擬社區(qū)中成員間的人際互動(dòng)關(guān)系和知識(shí)關(guān)系兩種關(guān)系對知識(shí)共享行為的影響。 (2)虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的建立。在前述理論框架的基礎(chǔ)上,對虛擬社區(qū)中的知識(shí)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行分析建模,并從理論上分析了兩種關(guān)系間的相關(guān)性,然后結(jié)合前面虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享的過程和特點(diǎn)分析,從虛擬社區(qū)中知識(shí)的公共物品特性分析入手,將虛擬社區(qū)的知識(shí)共享行為看作是產(chǎn)生社區(qū)公共知識(shí)的集體行動(dòng),從理論上分析了虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享行為的形成機(jī)制,結(jié)合實(shí)證分析對虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)模式和兩種關(guān)系之間的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行了解析和驗(yàn)證。 (3)虛擬社區(qū)中知識(shí)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)的演化和對知識(shí)共享的影響分析。首先運(yùn)用社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析軟件工具對知識(shí)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)中兩種關(guān)系的聯(lián)結(jié)強(qiáng)度、節(jié)點(diǎn)度、網(wǎng)絡(luò)密度、網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心性、互惠指數(shù)等關(guān)系和網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)指標(biāo)在各個(gè)時(shí)期的演化進(jìn)行了分析,并與各個(gè)時(shí)期該社區(qū)的知識(shí)共享水平進(jìn)行對比,通過對各個(gè)時(shí)期的知識(shí)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的關(guān)系和結(jié)構(gòu)指標(biāo)與社區(qū)知識(shí)共享水平之間的相關(guān)性分析揭示了知識(shí)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)系和結(jié)構(gòu)對虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的影響和作用。 (4)虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享支持策略的研究。從虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)尋求者的支持與培養(yǎng)、個(gè)性化的知識(shí)共享技術(shù)支持、虛擬社區(qū)核心成員的發(fā)展與培養(yǎng)三個(gè)方面探討了虛擬社區(qū)的知識(shí)共享支持問題。 本研究的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)可以概括為以下幾點(diǎn)： (1)建立了融合人際互動(dòng)關(guān)系和知識(shí)關(guān)系的虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型。在基于社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享研究中,同時(shí)考慮和分析了人際互動(dòng)關(guān)系和知識(shí)關(guān)系兩種關(guān)系對知識(shí)共享的影響,而在已有的研究中大多只研究了一種關(guān)系的影響。 (2)提出從縱向的、動(dòng)態(tài)的視角研究社區(qū)成員關(guān)系與網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)對虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享水平的影響。本研究考慮到虛擬社區(qū)的虛擬性和開放性,運(yùn)用縱向的歷史數(shù)據(jù)展現(xiàn)了虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)的演化和社區(qū)知識(shí)共享水平的變化,從中發(fā)現(xiàn)知識(shí)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)系和網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)對虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享的影響和作用,屬于動(dòng)態(tài)的分析。而現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對知識(shí)共享的影響研究大多是假定社會(huì)關(guān)系和網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)是不變的,屬于橫向的靜態(tài)的分析,這一假設(shè)不適合于虛擬社區(qū)這種高度動(dòng)態(tài)變化的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 (3)結(jié)合社區(qū)知識(shí)的公共物品特性對虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)和知識(shí)共享行為形成機(jī)制的分析,而已有的研究中還未見有對虛擬社區(qū)中的知識(shí)的公共物品特性的分析。 (4)提出個(gè)性化的虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享支持系統(tǒng)框架。結(jié)合社區(qū)成員的知識(shí)關(guān)系與人際互動(dòng)關(guān)系提出了個(gè)性化的知識(shí)共享支持系統(tǒng)框架以提高虛擬社區(qū)的知識(shí)共享效率和水平。 本研究是對當(dāng)前知識(shí)共享和社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域的理論與應(yīng)用研究的發(fā)展和補(bǔ)充,為虛擬社區(qū)中的知識(shí)共享研究提出了一個(gè)新的研究視角,具有重要的理論價(jià)值,同時(shí)研究結(jié)果也對如何提高虛擬社區(qū)知識(shí)共享效果和活躍社區(qū)人氣,使社區(qū)成員能更多地從中獲益和為其經(jīng)營者創(chuàng)造更大的價(jià)值具有一定的參考價(jià)值,具有重要的實(shí)踐意義。 為了從縱向的、動(dòng)態(tài)的角度研究虛擬社區(qū)中的知識(shí)共享問題,本研究通過網(wǎng)頁抓取軟件抓取了一個(gè)有代表性的專業(yè)論壇型虛擬社區(qū)--ChinaASP從2001年7月至2011年6月底跨度為10年的歷史數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)完整地展現(xiàn)了隨著該社區(qū)的發(fā)展其知識(shí)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)的演化和知識(shí)共享水平的變化過程,為本研究提供了完備的實(shí)證數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the era of knowledge economy, the intangible resource of knowledge is gradually replacing the traditional tangible resources (such as land, natural resources, capital and labor) as the key factor to promote social progress. "Knowledge is power" is the best interpretation. However, most of the groups and individuals can not have all the knowledge they need. We must rely on knowledge sharing with the outside world to acquire new knowledge.
With the development and popularization of Internet technology, knowledge sharing and communication between people does not necessarily need face-to-face, and can also rely on various electronic media to form a new online communication space - Virtual Community (Virtual Community). This new way of communication makes the sharing and dissemination of knowledge unprecedented fast. And breadth, which conforms to the urgent needs of knowledge sharing and learning, and has developed rapidly in a short period of time. It has attracted the attention of both the theoretical and the business circles. The rise of the virtual community is regarded as an important driving force for the research of knowledge management.
As an exchange platform on the Internet, rich knowledge, heated discussion, and timely interaction are an important symbol of the prosperity and development of the virtual community. If the members of the community actively participate in the sharing of knowledge and make the virtual community a space and platform for the collection of people, they will also create greater benefits for the virtual community operators. One of the important goals of the virtual community operator is to promote knowledge sharing and communication among the members of the community. Although virtual communities provide a convenient communication platform for knowledge sharing, but not as long as it is built, people will actively participate in the sharing. There are many virtual communities facing users. It is necessary to study the formation mechanism and influence factors of knowledge sharing behavior in virtual communities, and then explore measures to improve the level of knowledge sharing in virtual communities.
In the strict sense, knowledge can not exist separately from the person who is the main body. Knowledge is hidden in the human brain. So the sharing of knowledge is produced through the interaction between people. In recent years, scholars have paid more and more attention to the social relations network between people and people after knowledge sharing activities, based on society. The knowledge sharing research of the network has become a new research paradigm. This paradigm analyzes knowledge sharing behavior from the perspective of social network's relationship and structure.
At present, most of the research on knowledge sharing based on social networks is aimed at teams or organizations. These studies use empirical research methods to study the relationships and structural factors in social networks that affect knowledge sharing behavior through the analysis of various horizontal data. The virtual community's virtual and open nature makes the knowledge sharing of the virtual community. Different from the traditional organization, the knowledge sharing in the team has its particularity. The process and characteristics of knowledge sharing in the virtual community need to be further discussed and analyzed. At the same time, the social relations among the members of the virtual community are different from the social relations in the traditional organization or the team, and the structure of the social network and the influence on the knowledge sharing also exist. It needs to be further explored.
Based on the above background, this paper, on the basis of previous research, combines social network theory, knowledge sharing theory and public goods theory, using social network analysis, statistical analysis methods and software tools, and combining the empirical analysis of a professional virtual community to carry out the knowledge sharing research in the virtual community based on social network. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
(1) the establishment of the theoretical framework of knowledge sharing research in virtual community based on social network. The characteristics of virtual community are obtained from the comparison and analysis of the virtual community with the traditional community, and then the knowledge sharing process in the virtual community is analyzed and elaborated, and the knowledge sharing in the virtual community is summarized relative to the traditional organizational knowledge sharing. It also presents a quantitative method for measuring the level of knowledge sharing in the virtual community. Finally, from the perspective of the social network, the influence of the two relationships among the members of the virtual community on the knowledge sharing behavior is analyzed.
(2) the establishment of the virtual community knowledge sharing network model. On the basis of the previous theoretical framework, the knowledge sharing network in the virtual community is analyzed and modeled, and the correlation between the two kinds of relationships is analyzed theoretically. Then, the knowledge sharing of the virtual community is combined with the process and characteristics of the knowledge sharing in the virtual community, and the knowledge public goods from the virtual community are analyzed. On the basis of characteristic analysis, the knowledge sharing behavior of virtual community is regarded as a collective action to produce community public knowledge. The formation mechanism of knowledge sharing behavior in virtual community is analyzed theoretically, and the relationship between the structure pattern of virtual community knowledge sharing network and the correlation between the two kinds of customs system is analyzed and verified by the empirical analysis.
(3) the evolution of the knowledge sharing network in the virtual community and the analysis of the influence on the knowledge sharing. First, we use the social network analysis software tools to analyze the connection strength of the two relationships in the knowledge sharing network, the degree of node, the network density, the network centrality, the reciprocity index, and the evolution of the network structure index in each period. Compared with the level of knowledge sharing in the community at various times, this paper reveals the influence and effect of the relationship and structure of the knowledge sharing network on the quantity and quality of the knowledge sharing of the virtual community through the correlation analysis between the relationship and the structure index and the level of community knowledge sharing in the knowledge sharing network of each period.
(4) the research on the support strategy of virtual community knowledge sharing. From the support and training of the virtual community knowledge seekers, the personalized knowledge sharing technology support, the development and training of the core members of the virtual community, the knowledge sharing support of the virtual community is discussed.
The innovations of this study can be summarized as follows:
(1) a virtual community knowledge sharing network model which combines interpersonal interaction and knowledge relations is established. In the study of knowledge sharing in virtual community based on social network, the influence of two relationships between interpersonal interaction and knowledge relationship on knowledge sharing is considered and analyzed, and a kind of relationship is mostly studied in the existing research. Influence.
(2) to study the influence of community membership and network structure on the level of knowledge sharing in virtual communities from a longitudinal and dynamic perspective. This study, taking into account the virtual and open nature of the virtual community, uses the longitudinal historical data to show the evolution of the virtual community knowledge sharing network and the changes in the level of community knowledge sharing. The influence and effect of knowledge sharing network and network structure on the knowledge sharing of virtual community is dynamic analysis. The current research on the influence of social network on knowledge sharing is that the social relationship and network structure are invariable and belong to horizontal static analysis. This hypothesis is not suitable for the virtual community. A highly dynamic network.
(3) an analysis of the structure of the network structure and the mechanism of knowledge sharing behavior in the virtual community is analyzed with the characteristics of the public goods of community knowledge, and there has not been an analysis of the characteristics of the public goods in the virtual community.
(4) the framework of personalized virtual community knowledge sharing support system is proposed. The framework of personalized knowledge sharing support system is proposed in order to improve the efficiency and level of knowledge sharing in virtual communities.
This research is a development and supplement to the theoretical and application research in the field of knowledge sharing and social network. It has put forward a new research perspective for the research of knowledge sharing in the virtual community, which has important theoretical value. At the same time, the results also have the effect on how to improve the knowledge sharing effect and the community popularity in the virtual community and make the community become a community. It is of great practical significance for members to gain more from them and to create greater value for their operators.
In order to study the problem of knowledge sharing in a virtual community from a vertical, dynamic perspective, this study grabbed a representative professional forum type virtual community, --ChinaASP, spanning a history of 10 years from July 2001 to the end of June 2011. The data fully demonstrated the knowledge of the community with the development of the community. The evolution of shared network and the changing process of knowledge sharing level provide a complete empirical data base for this study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F224;F49

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

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本文編號(hào)：1990209