本文選題：制革企業(yè)　切入點：新型制造業(yè)　出處：《陜西科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：當前,我國制革行業(yè)外部面臨著發(fā)達國家制造業(yè)回流和其他發(fā)展中國家低成本競爭的雙重壓力,內部又存在出口退稅等政策紅利取消、原材料成本上升、設備與技術落后和國家高壓環(huán)保政策等一系列生存困境。在這樣的背景下,制革企業(yè)的發(fā)展步伐明顯放緩,企業(yè)經濟集體走向“微利時代”。顯然,依靠廉價勞動力和資源優(yōu)勢以及高環(huán)境成本的傳統(tǒng)生產模式已經不能適應社會發(fā)展需求,制革企業(yè)要想取得長足發(fā)展,就必須加快向以“高附加值、高增長、高效率、低能耗、低污染”為特征的新型制造業(yè)轉型,以此來應對外部競爭壓力,化解內部生存困境。基于此,本文對我國制革企業(yè)向新型制造業(yè)轉型的制約因素及對策展開研究。首先,本文結合制革企業(yè)目前的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及面臨的主要問題,明確了制革企業(yè)向新型制造業(yè)轉型的動因,在此基礎上通過實地調研和專家訪談的方式對制革企業(yè)向新型制造業(yè)轉型的制約因素進行深入調查與分析。其次,為明確各制約因素對制革企業(yè)向新型制造業(yè)轉型的重要性大小,本文利用改進的層次分析法對制約因素進行權重賦值與排序。其中,采用基于系統(tǒng)聚類的層次分析法確定了制約因素一級指標權重,結果表明:環(huán)境制約因素是制革企業(yè)向新型制造業(yè)轉型的首要因素,其次是技術制約因素、經營制約因素和人力制約因素;采用基于序數(shù)效用的層次分析法確定了制約因素二級指標權重,結果表明:污染物排放嚴重、自主研發(fā)能力弱、皮革廢料資源化利用程度低、創(chuàng)新型人才匱乏、品牌建設缺失這五項因素是制約制革企業(yè)向新型制造業(yè)轉型的關鍵因素。最后,根據(jù)制約因素的重要性排序結果,明確了我國制革企業(yè)要實現(xiàn)向新型制造業(yè)的轉型,首先要解決企業(yè)的綠色發(fā)展問題,其次要重視企業(yè)技術獲取機制的完善和軟實力競爭要素的提升,最后要著手塑造企業(yè)人力資源優(yōu)勢,以保障轉型的可持續(xù)性。因此,本文從構建綠色發(fā)展模式、改善技術獲取方式、塑造軟實力競爭優(yōu)勢和完善內部人才培養(yǎng)體系等四方面為制革企業(yè)向新型制造業(yè)的轉型提出了切實可行的對策建議。
[Abstract]:At present, China's tannery industry is facing the double pressure of manufacturing backflow from developed countries and low-cost competition from other developing countries. There are also policy dividends such as export tax rebates being cancelled and raw material costs rising.Equipment and technology backward and national high-pressure environmental protection policy and a series of survival difficulties.In this context, the pace of development of tanning enterprises has slowed down obviously, and the collective economy of enterprises is heading for the "era of small profit".Obviously, the traditional production model, which relies on the advantages of cheap labor and resources and high environmental costs, can no longer meet the needs of social development. If leather enterprises want to make great progress, they must speed up their efforts to "high added value, high growth, and high efficiency."The new manufacturing industry is characterized by low energy consumption and low pollution in order to deal with the external competition pressure and solve the internal survival dilemma.Based on this, this paper studies the restrictive factors and countermeasures of the transition from the leather enterprises to the new manufacturing industries in China.First of all, combined with the current development situation and main problems faced by the tannery enterprises, this paper clarifies the reasons for the transition from the tannery enterprises to the new manufacturing industries.On the basis of this, through field investigation and expert interview, this paper makes a thorough investigation and analysis on the restrictive factors of the transition from leather enterprises to new manufacturing industries.Secondly, in order to clarify the importance of various constraints on the transition of leather enterprises to new manufacturing industries, this paper uses the improved Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign and rank the weight of the constraints.Among them, the hierarchical analysis method based on system clustering is used to determine the weight of the primary index of constraint factors. The results show that environmental constraints are the first factor in the transition of tannery enterprises to new manufacturing industries, followed by technical constraints.The second class index weight of restriction factor was determined by AHP based on ordinal utility. The results showed that the pollutant emission was serious, the ability of independent research and development was weak, and the utilization degree of leather scrap was low.The lack of innovative talents and the lack of brand construction are the key factors restricting the transition of leather enterprises to new manufacturing industries.Finally, according to the ranking result of the importance of the restriction factors, it is clear that in order to realize the transition to the new manufacturing industry, the green development problem of the enterprises should be solved first.Secondly, we should pay attention to the perfection of enterprise technology acquisition mechanism and the promotion of soft power competition elements, and finally we should start to shape the advantage of enterprise human resources in order to ensure the sustainability of the transformation.Therefore, this paper puts forward some feasible countermeasures and suggestions for the transformation of tannery enterprises to new manufacturing industry from four aspects: constructing green development mode, improving the way of obtaining technology, shaping the competitive advantage of soft power and perfecting the internal talent training system.
【學位授予單位】：陜西科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F426.85

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