本文選題：殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)　切入點：志愿者　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國殘聯(lián)為保障殘疾人的社會生活于2007年首次提出集中托養(yǎng)服務(wù)的概念,殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)就此應(yīng)運而生,并憑借規(guī)范化與人性化的服務(wù)滿足殘疾人多元需求,也讓殘疾人享受更加完整、更有價值的人生。伴隨著國家政策的支持,殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)近年來也迅猛發(fā)展,殘疾人托養(yǎng)服務(wù)事業(yè)也正持續(xù)地運行。與此同時,國家大力提倡社會服務(wù)組織發(fā)展的人才模式即"社工+志愿者"的聯(lián)動模式,這在殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)中有所運用,并推動著殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)的專業(yè)化與科學(xué)化發(fā)展。顯而易見,志愿者是殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)發(fā)展過程中必不可少的資源,而志愿者資源配置又關(guān)系著機構(gòu)需求與志愿者資源供給之間的匹配度,影響著殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)志愿者隊伍的穩(wěn)定性,因而,重視殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)的志愿者資源配置問題不僅能豐富殘疾人托養(yǎng)服務(wù)和志愿者領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的研究成果,也能夠優(yōu)化機構(gòu)的志愿者資源配置狀態(tài),保證機構(gòu)的服務(wù)質(zhì)量,更能從探索中總結(jié)相關(guān)經(jīng)驗,為有關(guān)部門的決策提供參考價值。南京市N殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)作為4A級的托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)之一,自2013年5月投入運行以來,已經(jīng)為近百名殘障群體提供托養(yǎng)服務(wù),并獲得了中國殘聯(lián)、省殘聯(lián)以及社會各界的好評,現(xiàn)在也是全國"陽光家園"示范基地,是行業(yè)內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)的典范。借助于2016年6—8月的專業(yè)實習(xí),筆者進一步了解了 N機構(gòu)并參與到它的志愿者工作中。因而,本文選擇南京市N殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)并對其進行個案研究,探討其志愿者資源配置問題,通過文獻研究法、訪談法和參與式觀察法收集到相關(guān)資料,并總結(jié)出N機構(gòu)當前的志愿者資源現(xiàn)狀,借助于現(xiàn)狀分析探索出志愿者資源配置過程中的不合理問題,而后思考完善志愿者資源配置的對策建議。研究結(jié)果顯示,圍繞志愿者總量、志愿者結(jié)構(gòu)、志愿者服務(wù)內(nèi)容和機構(gòu)對志愿者的管理能夠總結(jié)出N機構(gòu)的志愿者資源的現(xiàn)狀特征。在志愿者總量方面,志愿者數(shù)量較龐大,但志愿者崗位不精細;在志愿者結(jié)構(gòu)方面,有著高校團體參與為主、非專業(yè)型志愿者居多和高校志愿者服務(wù)時間扎堆的突出特征;在志愿者服務(wù)內(nèi)容方面,不同層次的志愿者服務(wù)內(nèi)容不一,高校志愿者聚焦于常規(guī)志愿服務(wù)、家長志愿者側(cè)重開展戶外體驗活動、企業(yè)志愿者著重于經(jīng)濟型慰問活動、專業(yè)志愿者提供項目化的志愿服務(wù);在志愿者管理方面,不僅管理團隊規(guī)模微小,而且整體的管理制度不夠完整,同時管理內(nèi)容相對簡單,比如招募而來的高校志愿者的篩選不到位、激勵方式僅為證書表彰、培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容以入門性為主等。而后,對志愿者人力資源配置過程的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),N機構(gòu)存在不合理的配置問題:一是供需分析欠缺,對志愿者需求的預(yù)估以及對志愿者自身需求的關(guān)注都不到位;二是人力結(jié)構(gòu)不夠合理,專業(yè)志愿者資源需求強烈但較為缺乏、高校志愿者資源充足但效果有限;三是關(guān)鍵管理內(nèi)容存在脫節(jié),缺少志愿者資源配置規(guī)劃、志愿者資源的督導(dǎo)團隊和志愿者資源的評估體系;四是外部保障不足,制度不夠成熟、經(jīng)費較為短缺和志愿者管理團隊難以固定。對此,需要通過多種途徑完善N機構(gòu)的志愿者資源配置。首先,完善與志愿者資源配置配套的管理體系,包括注重志愿者資源配置的整體規(guī)劃、改進志愿者隊伍的招募和甄選、構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)的志愿者培訓(xùn)體系、使用多元化與差異化的激勵方式、實行有效的評估制度;其次,提升志愿者資源配置的專業(yè)實施水平,應(yīng)該建立專業(yè)的志愿者管理團隊,并從專業(yè)管理人才隊伍的打造、項目化管理團隊的搭建、志愿者督導(dǎo)人才的引進三方面加以著手,同時也需要合理開發(fā)志愿者崗位,比如細化志愿者崗位設(shè)置、明細志愿者崗位職責(zé);最后,拓展志愿者資源配置的渠道范圍,不僅需要積極鏈接社會資源,還要強化機構(gòu)的宣傳力度。最后,借助于對N機構(gòu)的個案研究得出相關(guān)結(jié)論,同時從殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)的特殊性、專業(yè)團隊合作的重要性、機構(gòu)內(nèi)在能力強化的必要性三方面對類似殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構(gòu)的志愿者資源配置問題做進一步討論。
[Abstract]:China Disabled CDPF for social life for the first time in 2007 proposed concept focused care support services, disabled care institutions came into being, and with standardized management and humanized services to meet the diverse needs of the disabled, also let people enjoy a more complete, more valuable life. With the support of national policies, care of persons with disabilities in recent years the rapid development of the disabled foster service industry is also continuously running. At the same time, linkage mode of the national advocate social service organization development model of talents "social workers and volunteers", which has been used in child care institutions in the disabled, and promote professional and scientific development of disabled care institutions the volunteer is disabled. Obviously, the development process of the essential care institutions and volunteer resources, resource allocation and relationship with institutional demand and volunteer resources The matching degree between the supply, affect the stability of the disabled, the bodies of volunteers so seriously disabled volunteers raise the problem of resource allocation mechanism can not only enrich the research achievements of the disabled foster service and volunteers in the field, also can optimize the mechanism of volunteer resource allocation, quality of service guarantee mechanism, can summarize the relevant experience from the exploration, to provide reference for decision-making departments. Nanjing city N disabled care agency 4A level of care as one, since May 2013 has been put into operation, has provided care service for nearly a hundred disabled, and won the China CDPF CDPF and praise from all walks of life. Now is the "Sunshine Home" demonstration base, is a model of industry. With the help of learning practice in 2016 6 to August major, I further understand the N mechanism and to participate in it The volunteer work. Therefore, this paper chooses Nanjing city N disabled care agency and the case study of the volunteer resource allocation problem, through literature research, interview and participant observation to collect relevant information, and summed up the N current volunteer resources, with the help of the status quo analysis and exploration the unreasonable problem of volunteers in the allocation of resources, and then thinking about countermeasures to perfect volunteer resource allocation. The results showed that the total amount of volunteers around the volunteers, structure, content and mechanism of volunteer service in the management of volunteers can be summed up the current characteristics of N volunteers resources. Volunteers in total, the number of volunteers is huge however, volunteer positions not fine; in the volunteer structure, with the participation of the main university groups, non professional volunteers are volunteers service in Colleges and Universities Among the prominent features of simple; service content in different levels of volunteers, volunteer service content, focusing on the conventional university volunteer volunteer service, volunteer parents focused on outdoor experience activities, volunteers focuses on economic condolences activities, professional volunteers to provide the project of the voluntary service; volunteer management team, not only small scale management, and the overall management system is not complete, the management content is relatively simple, such as selection of university volunteers recruited the incentive is not in place, the only way for certificate of recognition, the training content in introductory mainly. Then, the analysis of process of volunteer human resources allocation, N configuration problem is not reasonable the analysis of supply and demand: one is the lack of estimates of the volunteers demand and pay attention to their own needs of volunteers is not in place; the two is the human structure Reasonable enough, professional volunteer resources strong demand but the lack of adequate resources, college volunteers, but the effect is limited; the three is the key content of management are disjointed, lack of volunteer resources allocation plan, the supervision team of volunteers and volunteer resources resources evaluation system; four is the lack of external security, the system is not mature enough, more funding shortage and volunteer management team to fixed. In this regard, through a variety of ways to improve the volunteer resource allocation N mechanism. Firstly, improve the allocation of resources and volunteer supporting management system, including the focus on the overall planning of volunteers in the distribution of resources, improve the volunteer recruitment and selection, construction of the system of volunteer training system, the use of diversified and differentiated incentives, the implementation of effective the evaluation system; secondly, enhance the volunteer resource allocation professional implementation level, should establish professional volunteers The management team, and create a professional management personnel from the project management team building, to start the introduction of volunteer supervision personnel three, also need to reasonable development of volunteer positions, such as refined volunteer positions set list of volunteer responsibilities; finally, expand the volunteer resource allocation channels, not only need to link social resources also, the strengthening mechanism of propaganda. Finally, with the help of a case of N institutions relevant conclusions, at the same time from the disabled special care institutions, the importance of professional team, strengthen the organization's internal ability necessary three aspects to make further discussion on similar disabled volunteer resource allocation problem raising mechanism.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D669.69;D632.9

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