本文選題：延遲退休　切入點(diǎn)：人口結(jié)構(gòu)　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人力資源和社會(huì)保障部提出今年將適時(shí)的推出延遲退休政策,意味著延遲退休從最熱的民生話題開(kāi)始走向落地實(shí)施階段。我國(guó)現(xiàn)在的退休制度基本沿用20世紀(jì)50年代的規(guī)定,即女工人50歲退休,女干部55歲退休,男性60歲退休。歷經(jīng)六十多年,中國(guó)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,延遲退休年齡有深厚的國(guó)際背景和國(guó)內(nèi)背景。從國(guó)際上來(lái)看,中國(guó)并非是唯一面臨退休壓力的國(guó)家,已經(jīng)有很多國(guó)家,意識(shí)到現(xiàn)行退休制度的不足,開(kāi)始計(jì)劃并實(shí)施了延遲退休政策。從國(guó)內(nèi)來(lái)看,在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面,我國(guó)老齡化問(wèn)題越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重,勞動(dòng)力結(jié)束了無(wú)限供給的年代,在可見(jiàn)的未來(lái),養(yǎng)老金體制面臨著極大的壓力;在政治方面,延遲退休年齡政策是實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)退休制度與國(guó)情相適應(yīng)的重要舉措,是我國(guó)全面深化改革的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容;在社會(huì)方面,我國(guó)高等教育的發(fā)展帶來(lái)了勞動(dòng)人口教育年限的延長(zhǎng),延遲退休是充分利用人力資源的必然途徑;在文化方面,隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變,使得老年人不僅需要必要的物質(zhì)生活和身體上的照顧,更需要得到精神方面的滿足,延遲退休年齡政策能夠滿足這種需要。通過(guò)比較分析近五年我國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界的成果,大多數(shù)都在研究是否要延遲退休,而本文是在確定將來(lái)會(huì)延遲退休的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)研究法、定量研究法、定性研究法、跨學(xué)科研究法,利用自我實(shí)現(xiàn)理論、個(gè)體生命周期理論、生命周期消費(fèi)理論、路徑依賴?yán)碚摰?從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域詳細(xì)的討論了實(shí)施延遲退休政策可能帶來(lái)的影響以及相關(guān)政策建議。本文首先研究了延遲退休的必然性。一是我國(guó)人口發(fā)生巨大變化,平均壽命延長(zhǎng)、人口倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)、人口年齡結(jié)構(gòu)變化;二是我國(guó)教育不斷發(fā)展,平均受教育年限增長(zhǎng)、教育結(jié)構(gòu)不斷完善;三是我國(guó)養(yǎng)老壓力增大;四是我國(guó)生育政策發(fā)生變化。種種變化都需要我國(guó)延遲退休年齡,從而解決新問(wèn)題,適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。然后,辯證的研究分析了延遲退休可能帶來(lái)的對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的影響、對(duì)社會(huì)的影響和對(duì)勞動(dòng)者心理的影響。最后,本著充分發(fā)揮積極效應(yīng),盡量降低消極效應(yīng)的宗旨,提出了較為合理的政策建議。第一是在嚴(yán)格實(shí)施當(dāng)前退休制度的基礎(chǔ)上,遵循漸進(jìn)性原則、靈活性與強(qiáng)制性相結(jié)合原則、平等性原則、差異性原則和激勵(lì)性原則,選擇和確定合適的退休年齡和推行時(shí)間,設(shè)計(jì)最合適的延遲退休方案,實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)延遲退休;第二是引導(dǎo)社會(huì)輿論,提高延遲退休的社會(huì)認(rèn)可度;第三是建立和完善與退休制度相關(guān)的政策安排,實(shí)現(xiàn)延遲退休政策的系統(tǒng)性、整體性、協(xié)同性。
[Abstract]:The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has proposed that the delayed retirement policy will be introduced in due course this year, which means that the delay in retirement will begin to move from the hottest topic of people's livelihood to the implementation stage. The current retirement system in our country basically follows the provisions of 1950s. That is, women workers retire at the age of 50, female cadres retire at the age of 55, and men retire at the age of 60. After more than 60 years, China has undergone earth-shaking changes. The delay of retirement age has a profound international and domestic background. From an international perspective, China is not the only country facing retirement pressure. Many countries, aware of the inadequacy of the existing retirement system, have begun to plan and implement deferred retirement policies. The aging problem in our country is getting more and more serious. The labor force has ended in the era of unlimited supply. In the foreseeable future, the pension system is facing great pressure; in the political aspect, The policy of delaying retirement age is an important measure to adapt our retirement system to our national conditions and an important part of our country's comprehensive deepening reform. In the social aspect, the development of higher education in our country has brought about the extension of the years of education of the working population. Delayed retirement is an inevitable way to make full use of human resources; in the cultural context, with the development of society and economy and the change of attitudes, older persons need not only the necessary material life and physical care, There is even more need for spiritual satisfaction, which can be met by the policy of delaying retirement age. Through a comparative analysis of the achievements of our academic community in the past five years, most of them are studying whether to delay retirement. On the basis of confirming that retirement will be delayed in the future, this paper uses literature research, quantitative research, qualitative research, interdisciplinary research, self-realization theory, individual life cycle theory, life cycle consumption theory. Path dependence theory, etc., from economics, sociology, In the field of psychology, the possible impact of implementing the delayed retirement policy and the related policy suggestions are discussed in detail. Firstly, the inevitability of delayed retirement is studied in this paper. One is that the population of our country has changed greatly and the average life expectancy has been prolonged. The population pyramid structure appears, the population age structure changes, the second is our country education unceasingly develops, the average education years increases, the education structure unceasingly consummates, the third is our country old age pressure increases; Fourth, China's fertility policy has changed. All kinds of changes need to delay the retirement age in China, so as to solve the new problems and adapt to the new environment. Then, the dialectical research analyzes the possible impact on economic life caused by the delay in retirement. Finally, in line with the purpose of giving full play to positive effects and minimizing negative effects, some more reasonable policy recommendations are put forward. First, on the basis of strictly implementing the current retirement system, Follow the principle of gradualism, combination of flexibility and compulsion, equality principle, difference principle and incentive principle, select and determine the appropriate retirement age and implementation time, design the most suitable deferred retirement plan, The second is to guide public opinion to improve the social recognition of delayed retirement; the third is to establish and improve the policy arrangements related to the retirement system to achieve the systematic, holistic and synergistic nature of the delayed retirement policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F842.67

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