【摘要】：網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃技術(shù)是在20世紀(jì)60年代由華羅庚教授引入我國，在生產(chǎn)和生活中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，尤其是在工程施工項目管理中，應(yīng)用最多。當(dāng)今社會，隨著科技的進(jìn)步，社會生產(chǎn)力的快速發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代工程施工項目投資額度越來越大，施工技術(shù)越來越復(fù)雜，工程量越來越大，涉及范圍越來越廣，工期越來越長，導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)的項目管理手段已不能滿足現(xiàn)代工程項目管理的需求。因此，使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃技術(shù)對施工進(jìn)行全程管理逐漸發(fā)展起來，但是在我國的施工項目管理中應(yīng)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃也僅僅停留在網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃的編制上，依然存在許多的問題，如企業(yè)管理層不重視網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃技術(shù)，管理水平較低，缺乏技術(shù)人才，應(yīng)用深度不夠等等。為改變這種現(xiàn)狀，我們應(yīng)規(guī)范并完善施工管理體系，提高企業(yè)管理層對網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃技術(shù)的重視，加大網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃技術(shù)人才的培養(yǎng)力度，使網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃技術(shù)在工程項目管理中發(fā)揮最大的效用，最終達(dá)到保證項目施工質(zhì)量，對項目全過程進(jìn)行計劃、調(diào)控、組織協(xié)調(diào)，縮短工程工期，創(chuàng)造最大的工程效益的目的。 首先本文較為系統(tǒng)的闡述了工程網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃技術(shù)的起源、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、研究背景、基本理論綜述等，詳細(xì)介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃中最為常用的一種進(jìn)度控制方法—關(guān)鍵線路法（Critical Path Method,CPM），關(guān)鍵線路法師運用網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖的形式來表示項目中每項活動的進(jìn)度和它們之間的相互關(guān)系，它是通過分析項目過程中哪個活動序列進(jìn)度安排的總時差最少來預(yù)測項目工期的網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析，確定工程計劃中的關(guān)鍵工作（沒有機(jī)動工作時間的工作）和關(guān)鍵線路（總時差為零或者工作總持續(xù)為時間最長的），它是一個時刻變化的動態(tài)系統(tǒng)，隨著項目的進(jìn)展不斷更新，同時利用時差不斷地調(diào)整與優(yōu)化網(wǎng)絡(luò)，其“向關(guān)鍵路線索要時間，向非關(guān)鍵路線索要資源”的特性，使關(guān)鍵線路法成為工程網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃技術(shù)中最為常用的一種方法，應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。 之后闡述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃的分類及其編制過程以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃技術(shù)在工程項目管理中進(jìn)度計劃管理、資源成本管理、工程工期與費用索賠、取得工程效益等方面的作用，并通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃優(yōu)化技術(shù)相關(guān)理論，通過實例計算得出在工程中如何進(jìn)行工期優(yōu)化、費用優(yōu)化、資源優(yōu)化。 最后，，通過中鐵十局四公司某項目部承接的一棟外磚內(nèi)大模現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)（外磚內(nèi)模）的住宅樓工程施工任務(wù)的具體案例為例進(jìn)行說明，詳細(xì)闡述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃技術(shù)在工程項目管理中的應(yīng)用，從項目準(zhǔn)備階段、施工組織設(shè)計的制定到網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃的編制依據(jù)、具體繪制，以及如對施工過程全方位進(jìn)度控制并組織，如何對工程項目進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，包括特殊事件時的工期優(yōu)化、特殊原因下的費用索賠等。 本文通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃技術(shù)理論分析與實際案例相結(jié)合，全面地闡釋了網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃對工程項目管理的重要性，在工程項目管理使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃可以對整個工程進(jìn)行跟蹤管理，循序漸進(jìn)，全局調(diào)控項目進(jìn)度，采用動態(tài)控制的網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃方案，可以有效地應(yīng)對各種未知因素，并隨之進(jìn)行計劃調(diào)整，使項目順利實施，具有一定的參考價值及工程指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The network planning technology is introduced into our country by Professor Hua Luogeng in the 1960s, and has been widely used in production and life, especially in the project management of project construction. Nowadays, with the progress of science and technology and the rapid development of social productivity, the amount of investment in modern construction projects is becoming more and more complex, the construction technology is becoming more and more complex, the engineering quantity is getting more and more complex, the scope is more and more wide, the construction period is becoming more and more long, The traditional project management method can not meet the needs of the project management of the modern project. Therefore, the whole process management of the construction is gradually developed by using the network planning technology, but the application of the network plan in the construction project management of our country is only on the development of the network plan, and there are still many problems, such as the failure of the enterprise management to pay attention to the network planning technology, The management level is low, the lack of technical personnel, the application depth is not enough, and so on. In order to change this situation, we should standardize and improve the construction management system, increase the attention of the management of the enterprise to the network planning technology, increase the training of the network planning technology talents, and make the network planning technology maximize the utility in the project management of the project, finally, the construction quality of the project is ensured, the whole process of the project is planned, controlled, coordinated, the project construction period is shortened, and the purpose of the maximum engineering benefit is created. First of all, this paper expounds the origin of the engineering network planning technology, the current research situation, the research background and the basic theory of the project, and introduces the most commonly used progress control method and the Critical Path Method (CPM) in the network plan. The key line wizard uses the form of a network diagram to represent the progress of each activity in the project and the relationship between them, which is the network score for predicting the project duration by analyzing the total time difference of which of the active sequence schedules in the project process It is a time-varying dynamic system to identify key work in the engineering plan (with no time for manoeuvre) and critical lines (the total time difference is zero or the total duration of the work is the longest), and as the project progresses more and more In addition, using the time difference to adjust and optimize the network, the characteristics of the 鈥淎sk for time for critical routes and ask for resources for non-critical routes鈥

本文編號：2365307