本文選題：低成本 + 實(shí)驗(yàn)��； 參考：《云南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：物理學(xué)是以認(rèn)識(shí)物質(zhì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),研究物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律為研究目的的學(xué)科。由于物理學(xué)的研究目的決定了物理是一門跟實(shí)驗(yàn)緊密相關(guān)的學(xué)科,也是最基礎(chǔ)最重要的學(xué)科,因此教師在物理教學(xué)的過程中必須要充分發(fā)揮實(shí)驗(yàn)的作用。新課程倡導(dǎo)廣大教師利用生活中簡(jiǎn)易、廉價(jià)、熟悉的材料給學(xué)生提供各種物理實(shí)驗(yàn)探究活動(dòng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)交互性教學(xué),讓學(xué)生邊做邊學(xué),在體驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí),從而幫助學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí),建立相關(guān)物理概念和規(guī)律,提高全體學(xué)生的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,各地區(qū)也越來越重視教育,然而部分地區(qū)仍存在實(shí)驗(yàn)器材短缺的問題。對(duì)于偏遠(yuǎn)貧困地區(qū)的某些學(xué)校來說正面臨著實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器陳舊老化、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備不足等問題,部分中學(xué)還存在實(shí)驗(yàn)器材的質(zhì)量不過關(guān)的問題,導(dǎo)致實(shí)驗(yàn)可見度不高。另外很多實(shí)驗(yàn)器材是被封閉起來的,學(xué)生看不到實(shí)驗(yàn)器材的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),不利于實(shí)驗(yàn)的講解,從而導(dǎo)致教師在教物理和學(xué)生學(xué)物理方面都存在很多困難,這就要求教師能夠利用身邊隨手可得的物品作為實(shí)驗(yàn)器材創(chuàng)設(shè)出簡(jiǎn)單易操作、現(xiàn)象明顯的實(shí)驗(yàn),或者是經(jīng)過改造設(shè)計(jì)出可以用于教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的器具來輔助教學(xué)�；谝陨系木売杀菊n題研究的重點(diǎn)是低成本物理創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)的探討和開發(fā),具體研究?jī)?nèi)容由以下幾部分構(gòu)成:首先,通過查閱大量文獻(xiàn)對(duì)我國(guó)低成本物理創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,并且進(jìn)行了深入的思考。另外也對(duì)國(guó)外的低成本物理創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)的相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行了梳理、歸納,跟國(guó)內(nèi)的物理實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。其次,從概念的起源、已有的界定、相似概念等方面對(duì)低成本物理創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行深入的探討。接著,分析并且總結(jié)出了低成本物理創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)具有的4個(gè)特點(diǎn),以及在設(shè)計(jì)和制作低成本物理創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)的時(shí)候應(yīng)該遵循的7項(xiàng)原則。然后,通過分析總結(jié)得出了如何在物理教學(xué)中開發(fā)與運(yùn)用低成本物理創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn),且結(jié)合20項(xiàng)低成本案例探討了低成本物理創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)在物理教學(xué)中的作用。最后一部分是本課題的重點(diǎn)和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn),以降低實(shí)驗(yàn)成本、簡(jiǎn)化實(shí)驗(yàn)材料、提高已有實(shí)驗(yàn)的可見度、用實(shí)驗(yàn)演繹習(xí)題等為出發(fā)點(diǎn),創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)出了20項(xiàng)低成本物理創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)。并且從設(shè)計(jì)的緣由、實(shí)驗(yàn)所需器材、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟、實(shí)驗(yàn)的原理、自制實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置圖以及數(shù)據(jù)處理等多個(gè)方面詳細(xì)介紹了這20項(xiàng)低成本物理創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)。本文開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)的低成本物理創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)的主要目的是彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有實(shí)驗(yàn)的不足,主要注重學(xué)生在做中學(xué)的過程,注重提高學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神和實(shí)踐能力。
[Abstract]:Physics is a discipline aimed at understanding the basic structure of matter and studying the law of material movement. Because physics is a subject closely related to experiments and the most basic and important subject, teachers must give full play to the role of experiments in the process of physics teaching. The new curriculum advocates teachers to make use of simple, cheap and familiar materials in life to provide students with various kinds of physical experiment inquiry activities to realize interactive teaching, so that students can learn while doing and learning through experience, thus helping students to understand. Establish relevant physics concepts and laws to improve the scientific literacy of all students. With the development of society, more and more attention has been paid to education. However, there is still a shortage of experimental equipment in some areas. For some schools in remote and poor areas, they are facing problems such as the aging of experimental instruments and the shortage of experimental equipment. Some middle schools still have problems of poor quality of experimental equipment, which leads to the low visibility of experiments. In addition, many experimental equipment are closed, students can not see the internal structure of the experimental equipment, which is not conducive to the explanation of the experiment, which leads to a lot of difficulties for teachers in teaching physics and students learning physics. This requires teachers to make use of the objects readily available around them as experimental equipment to create experiments that are simple and easy to operate and obvious, or to design instruments that can be used in teaching experiments after modification to assist teaching. Based on the above reasons, the focus of this research is the exploration and development of low-cost physical innovation experiments. The specific research content is composed of the following parts: first, By consulting a large number of literatures, this paper analyzes the basic status quo of low-cost physical innovation experiments in China, and gives some deep thoughts. In addition, the related research of low-cost physics innovation experiment abroad is summarized and compared with the domestic physics experiment teaching. Secondly, from the origin of the concept, the existing definition, similar concepts and other aspects of low-cost physical innovation experiments are discussed. Then, four characteristics of low-cost physical innovation experiments are analyzed and summarized, and 7 principles should be followed when designing and making low-cost physical innovation experiments. Then, through the analysis and summary, the author concludes how to develop and use the low-cost physics innovation experiment in physics teaching, and discusses the function of the low-cost physics innovation experiment in physics teaching with 20 low-cost cases. The last part is the emphasis and innovation of this subject. In order to reduce the experimental cost, simplify the experimental materials, improve the visibility of the existing experiments, and use the experimental deductive exercises as the starting point, 20 low-cost physical innovation experiments are designed. And from the design reasons, experimental equipment, experimental steps, experimental principles, self-made experimental device diagram and data processing and other aspects of the detailed introduction of the 20 low-cost physical innovation experiments. The main purpose of the low-cost physics innovation experiment developed in this paper is to make up for the deficiency of the existing experiment, to pay attention to the process of students' learning in doing, and to improve the students' creative spirit and practical ability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G633.7

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本文編號(hào)：2074191