發(fā)布時間：2018-03-15 03:24

  本文選題：地面公交　切入點：客運量　出處：《北京交通大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：地面公交是城市公共交通的重要組成部分,也是人們工作、生活正常運轉的重要保證。近年來,在實施低票價和總額補貼政策情況下,北京市地面公交運營成本攀升幅度大大高于運營收入的增長,公交企業(yè)面臨著嚴重虧損,政府每年需要給予公交企業(yè)巨額補貼,地面公交運營發(fā)展進入虧損-補貼-再虧損的惡性循環(huán)狀態(tài)。為了促進地面公交的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,2014年12月28日,北京市實施地面公交票制票價改革,單純的票價提升對改善公交企業(yè)的運營狀況,緩解財政補貼壓力的作用不大。本文以探索地面公交成本、票價、補貼的聯(lián)動管理為目標,以期達到促進北京市地面公交運營發(fā)展良性循環(huán)的目的。本文從客運量、成本管理、票價管制,補貼實施角度分析北京市地面公交運營發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,明確了北京市地面公交運營惡性循環(huán)的問題歸根結底是由成本、票價和補貼的脫鉤管理導致的。針對關鍵問題,探索地面公交客運量、成本、票價、補貼交互式關系,以企業(yè)可發(fā)展、居民可接受、政府可承擔為原則,提出基于客運量導向的成本-票價-補貼聯(lián)動機制基本框架體系。在梳理國內(nèi)外學者的研究成果以及成本規(guī)制理論、拉姆齊定價理論、價格上限理論、委托代理理論的基礎上,進行了理論和方法的創(chuàng)新,構建基于客運量導向的成本-票價-補貼聯(lián)動機制測算模型。以標準成本為基礎確定合理回報票價和規(guī)制票價,基于客運量考核結果、合理回報票價和規(guī)制票價測算最優(yōu)補貼,根據(jù)補貼額度實施票價動態(tài)調整。通過成本、票價、補貼的聯(lián)動管理,增強企業(yè)經(jīng)營動力,提高補貼的效率,促進地面公交的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。最后,以北京市公交企業(yè)的運營數(shù)據(jù)為基礎,運用聯(lián)動機制模型進行測算和分析,驗證聯(lián)動機制的適用性和可操作性,形成基于北京市地面公交實際發(fā)展情況的聯(lián)動機制管理配套政策及措施,為北京市政府管理地面公交行業(yè)、促進其可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供重要參考。
[Abstract]:Public transport on the ground is an important part of urban public transport, and also an important guarantee for the normal operation of people's work and life. In recent years, with the implementation of the policy of low fares and total subsidies, The operating cost of public transport on the ground in Beijing is rising much more than the growth of operating income, and the public transport enterprises are facing serious losses. The government needs to give huge subsidies to the public transport enterprises every year. In order to promote the sustainable development of ground public transport, in December 28th 2014, Beijing implemented the fare reform of ticket system for ground public transport. The simple fare increase has little effect on improving the operation condition of public transport enterprises and relieving the pressure of financial subsidy. This paper aims at exploring the linkage management of surface bus cost, ticket price and subsidy. In order to achieve the purpose of promoting the benign cycle of the development of the ground transit operation in Beijing, this paper analyzes the present situation of the development of the ground transit operation in Beijing from the aspects of passenger volume, cost management, fare control and subsidy implementation. This paper clarifies that the vicious circle of Beijing ground public transport operation is caused by the decoupling management of cost, ticket price and subsidy in the final analysis. Aiming at the key problems, this paper explores the interactive relationship among passenger volume, cost, ticket price and subsidy of ground public transport. Based on the principle that enterprises can develop, residents can accept and the government can bear, this paper puts forward the basic frame system of cost-fare subsidy linkage mechanism based on passenger volume guidance, combing the research results of domestic and foreign scholars and the theory of cost regulation. On the basis of Ramsay's pricing theory, price cap theory, and principal-agent theory, we have carried out theoretical and methodological innovations. Based on the standard cost, the reasonable return ticket price and regulated fare are determined, and the optimal subsidy is calculated based on the result of passenger volume assessment, reasonable return fare and regulated ticket price. Through the linkage management of cost, ticket price and subsidy, we can strengthen the enterprise's operating power, improve the efficiency of subsidy, and promote the sustainable development of public transportation on the ground. Based on the operation data of public transport enterprises in Beijing, the linkage mechanism model is used to calculate and analyze the applicability and maneuverability of the linkage mechanism. In order to provide important reference for the Beijing government to manage the ground public transport industry and promote its sustainable development, it forms the supporting policies and measures of the linkage mechanism management based on the actual development of the ground public transport in Beijing.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F572.88

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本文編號：1614222