本文選題：玉米　切入點：生產(chǎn)成本變動　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：玉米是我國三大糧食作物之一,它既包含著豐富的食用價值同時也具有很高的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值,遼寧省作為我國重要的玉米生產(chǎn)基地,近年來玉米的產(chǎn)量不斷攀升。但隨著物價的上漲以及耕地的減少導(dǎo)致遼寧省玉米的生產(chǎn)成本在持續(xù)上漲,這就直接影響到了農(nóng)民種植玉米的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,必將降低農(nóng)戶種植玉米的積極性。因此本文希望通過對遼寧省玉米生產(chǎn)成本的變動情況及其影響因素的研究,提出保持遼寧省玉米種植業(yè)健康發(fā)展,提高農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的合理建議。首先本文對遼寧省玉米生產(chǎn)成本的變動情況做出了分析,從數(shù)值和結(jié)構(gòu)兩個角度進(jìn)行了解讀,發(fā)現(xiàn)在數(shù)量上玉米的生產(chǎn)成本在持續(xù)增加,生產(chǎn)成本的增速分為了穩(wěn)定增加、回落、急速上升和持續(xù)降低四個階段。從生產(chǎn)成本的組成結(jié)構(gòu)上來看,物質(zhì)與服務(wù)費用和土地成本的比例在下降而人工成本的比例在增加。然后將遼寧省的玉米生產(chǎn)成本情況與全國平均水平和東北其他兩省進(jìn)行對比分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)相比之下遼寧省存在玉米生產(chǎn)成本偏高的問題,人工費用增加明顯。研究結(jié)果進(jìn)一步表明,玉米種植規(guī)模、機(jī)械投入量、有效灌溉面積、化肥使用量和人工投入量對玉米生產(chǎn)成本的變動有著顯著的關(guān)系,其中機(jī)械投入量、化肥使用量和人工投入量呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)性,化肥使用量代表生產(chǎn)資料的投入量,人工投入量代表人力成本,合理控制這兩項的投入可以降低玉米的生產(chǎn)成本。玉米種植規(guī)模和有效灌溉面積呈現(xiàn)負(fù)相關(guān)性,提高這兩項的水平也可以減少遼寧省玉米的生產(chǎn)成本。最后根據(jù)本文的研究結(jié)果,為實現(xiàn)降低遼寧省玉米生產(chǎn)成本的目標(biāo),提出了以下幾點建議:增加科技投入,提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)科技水平;提高農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化作業(yè)水平,降低人力成本;擴(kuò)大土地經(jīng)營規(guī)模,完善土地流轉(zhuǎn)制度,增強(qiáng)農(nóng)戶土地經(jīng)營意愿;合理規(guī)劃玉米種植布局,發(fā)揮各地區(qū)優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:Corn is one of the three major food crops in our country. It not only contains rich edible value but also has high economic value. Liaoning Province is an important corn production base in China. In recent years, corn production has been rising. However, with the increase of prices and the decrease of cultivated land, the cost of maize production in Liaoning Province continues to rise, which has a direct impact on the economic benefits of farmers planting corn. Therefore, this paper hopes to study the change of corn production cost and its influencing factors in Liaoning Province, and propose to maintain the healthy development of maize planting industry in Liaoning Province. Firstly, this paper analyzes the change of maize production cost in Liaoning Province, and explains it from two aspects of value and structure, and finds that the production cost of maize is increasing continuously in quantity. The growth rate of production costs has been divided into four stages: steady increase, fall back, rapid rise and continuous decrease. From the point of view of the composition of production cost, The ratio of material to service cost and land cost is decreasing, while the proportion of labor cost is increasing. Then, the situation of corn production cost in Liaoning Province is compared with the national average level and the other two provinces in Northeast China. It is found that the cost of maize production in Liaoning Province is higher than that in Liaoning Province, and the labor cost increases obviously. The results further show that the scale of maize planting, the amount of machinery input, the effective irrigated area, There was a significant relationship between the amount of chemical fertilizer and the amount of artificial input, in which the amount of mechanical input, the amount of chemical fertilizer and the amount of artificial input were positively correlated, and the amount of chemical fertilizer used represented the input amount of the means of production. The labor input represents the labor cost, and the reasonable control of these two inputs can reduce the production cost of corn. The scale of maize planting and the effective irrigation area show a negative correlation. Raising the level of these two items can also reduce the production cost of corn in Liaoning Province. Finally, according to the research results of this paper, in order to achieve the goal of reducing the production cost of maize in Liaoning Province, the following suggestions are put forward: increasing the input of science and technology, Raising the level of agricultural production science and technology, raising the level of agricultural mechanization, reducing labor costs, expanding the scale of land management, perfecting the land circulation system, strengthening farmers' willingness to manage land, rationally planning the layout of maize planting, Give full play to the advantages of various regions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F326.11
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本文編號：1563610