本文選題：產(chǎn)品生命周期　切入點：溴系阻燃劑企業(yè)　出處：《石家莊鐵道大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來我國重大火災事件頻發(fā)，很大一部分原因是易燃塑料材料在建筑、電子等行業(yè)的廣泛應(yīng)用，這就推動了作為塑料的主要添加劑的阻燃劑行業(yè)的發(fā)展。阻燃劑又稱難燃劑，其阻燃原理為遇火溫度上升時發(fā)生分解，使燃燒物迅速燃盡、或降低溫度、隔斷氧氣等，來破壞掉燃燒必需的溫度、氧氣或可燃物質(zhì)等一個或幾個條件，從而達到阻燃目的或者減緩材料的燃燒速度，給火災救援提供時間。根據(jù)不同類型阻燃劑中發(fā)揮阻燃性能的基團不同，可以將阻燃劑主要劃分為有機阻燃劑和無機阻燃劑兩大類。研究表明，有機阻燃劑的親和性優(yōu)于無機阻燃劑，其中又以溴系阻燃劑表現(xiàn)最為突出。溴系阻燃劑企業(yè)產(chǎn)品種類繁多，相應(yīng)的生產(chǎn)工藝和所需原材料也眾多，且“三廢”數(shù)量大、種類多，因此從生產(chǎn)設(shè)計到原材料采購、生產(chǎn)、銷售，以及后來的回收處置，每個環(huán)節(jié)都會出現(xiàn)大量的環(huán)境成本。這就需要將整個產(chǎn)品生命周期的環(huán)境成本管理引入到溴系阻燃劑生產(chǎn)中。 本文主要是在生命周期思想指導下，通過對溴系阻燃劑企業(yè)各個環(huán)節(jié)的環(huán)境成本進行管理來實現(xiàn)企業(yè)經(jīng)濟效益和環(huán)境效益的最大化。首先，分析溴系阻燃劑企業(yè)環(huán)境成本管理面臨的問題，并對基于產(chǎn)品生命周期的環(huán)境成本管理目標及管理方法等進行論述。其次，闡述了基于產(chǎn)品生命周期的環(huán)境成本管理的相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ)。第三，通過建立模型并結(jié)合實例，研究了溴系阻燃劑生產(chǎn)企業(yè)環(huán)境成本管理的決策方案選擇問題。最后，，對基于產(chǎn)品生命周期思想的溴系阻燃劑企業(yè)環(huán)境成本管理問題的研究進行了總結(jié)，并對企業(yè)環(huán)境成本管理研究的前景進行了展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent occurrence of major fire incidents in China is due in large part to the widespread application of flammable plastic materials in the construction, electronics and other industries. This has promoted the development of the flame retardant industry, which is the main additive of plastics. Flame retardants are also called flammable agents. The principle of flame retardancy is to decompose when the fire temperature rises, so that the burning matter will burn up quickly, or lower the temperature, cut off the oxygen, and so on, to destroy one or more conditions such as the necessary temperature, oxygen or combustible material, etc. In order to achieve the purpose of flame retardation or slow down the burning rate of materials, and to provide time for fire rescue, according to the different groups in different types of flame retardants, The flame retardants can be divided into two categories: organic flame retardants and inorganic flame retardants. The results show that the affinity of organic flame retardants is better than that of inorganic flame retardants. Among them, bromine flame retardants are the most outstanding. The enterprises of bromine flame retardants have a wide variety of products, many corresponding production processes and required raw materials, and the "three wastes" are large in quantity and variety. Therefore, from production design to raw material procurement, production, Sales, and later recycling, will result in significant environmental costs for each link, which requires the introduction of environmental cost management throughout the product life cycle into the production of brominated flame retardants. In this paper, under the guidance of life cycle thought, the environmental cost of each link of bromine flame retardant enterprises is managed to maximize the economic and environmental benefits of enterprises. The problems of environmental cost management in bromine flame retardant enterprises are analyzed, and the objectives and methods of environmental cost management based on product life cycle are discussed. This paper expounds the relevant theoretical basis of environmental cost management based on product life cycle. Thirdly, by establishing a model and combining with an example, the decision options for environmental cost management in bromine flame retardant manufacturing enterprises are studied. The research on environmental cost management of bromine flame retardant enterprises based on product life cycle is summarized, and the prospect of environmental cost management in enterprises is prospected.
【學位授予單位】：石家莊鐵道大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X322;F406.72;F426.72

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