“掌握學習”教學法在初中排球教學中的應用研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-18 06:17
【摘要】：排球教學是初中體育教學大綱的重要內(nèi)容,墊球又是排球技術(shù)中一項枯燥、標準較高的基礎性技術(shù)。傳統(tǒng)教學法的教師觀認為,學生的成績呈正態(tài)分布,“差生”的存在是教學過程中成績呈正態(tài)分布的必然結(jié)果,教師的關注點集中在“尖子生”和普通生身上,不利于部分學生對排球技術(shù)的掌握。當今,中學生數(shù)量不斷增加,我國班級教學制和學生們個體差異之間的矛盾愈發(fā)激烈,各體育工作者不斷尋找提高教學質(zhì)量的手段。為此,部分學者倡導將美國教育學家、心理學家布魯姆提出的掌握學習理論和掌握學習法應用到我國體育教學中,以解決這一矛盾。掌握學習法是布魯姆提倡的一種教學新思路。布魯姆認為,如果教師能提供給所有學生足夠的學習時間、適合自己的學習方法和材料,并給與所有學生以鼓勵和關注,那么幾乎所有學生都可以完成幾乎所有的教學內(nèi)容。學校教師在這種“人人都能掌握”的思想前提下,在班級授課制的基礎上,利用分層目標、診斷性評價、形成性評價、矯正系統(tǒng),使用不同的教學手段完成教學任務,那么幾乎所有學生都可以掌握學習內(nèi)容。本文利用文獻資料法、專家訪問法、實驗法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法、問卷調(diào)查法對掌握學習法和傳統(tǒng)教學法在排球的墊球教學中進行了對比實驗研究,實驗對象從濟南泉城中學初中二年級中隨機抽取,實驗前對兩班被試的基本情況、身體素質(zhì)、心理傾向進行了解,保證兩班被試的差異不顯著,以確保實驗的準確性。實驗中,一個班使用掌握學習法,另一個班使用傳統(tǒng)教學法。實驗后,測試兩班被試的身體素質(zhì)、心理傾向、技術(shù)水平等變化,得出數(shù)據(jù),將數(shù)據(jù)利用SPSS進行統(tǒng)計,通過分析實驗結(jié)果,得出如下結(jié)論:1在初中排球教學中使用掌握學習法,比傳統(tǒng)教學法更利于培養(yǎng)學生的興趣、自信心等非智力因素,提高后進生學習的積極性和主動性,使學生更努力完成教學任務。2在初中排球教學中使用掌握學習法,比傳統(tǒng)教學法更利于學生系統(tǒng)的掌握相關的理論知識。3在初中排球教學中使用掌握學習法,比傳統(tǒng)教學法更利于促進學生提高技能水平和增強身體素質(zhì),取得更優(yōu)異的教學成績和更顯著的教學效果。4“掌握學習”的系統(tǒng)性和階段性、導向作用、新的學生觀和教師觀、反饋-矯正系統(tǒng)促進運動技能的發(fā)展,提高教學質(zhì)量。5在初中排球教學中使用掌握學習法的教學實驗結(jié)果表明,掌握學習法優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)教學法,這為初中體育其他項目的教學提供了參考依據(jù)。由以上結(jié)論可知,掌握學習法利于初中排球的教學,但傳統(tǒng)教學方法也有其優(yōu)勢,不可全盤否定,在今后的教學中應取其長處、補其缺漏。并且“掌握學習”還有很多不足之處,比如如何讓優(yōu)生有更高的發(fā)展,如何不讓矯正系統(tǒng)的實施耗時過多,如何制定更科學的單元目標,這些還需要體育工作者為之做進一步的實驗和研究。
[Abstract]:Volleyball teaching is an important part of junior high school physical education syllabus, and the ball cushion is a boring and high standard basic technique in volleyball technology. According to the teachers' view of traditional teaching method, the students' achievements are normal distribution, the existence of "poor students" is the inevitable result of the normal distribution of achievements in the teaching process, and the teachers' focus is on the "top students" and ordinary students. It is not good for some students to master volleyball skills. Nowadays, the number of middle school students is increasing, the contradiction between class teaching system and students' individual differences is becoming more and more fierce, and the sports workers are constantly looking for ways to improve the teaching quality. Therefore, some scholars advocate the application of mastering learning theory and mastering learning method put forward by American educationist and psychologist Bloom to physical education teaching in our country in order to solve this contradiction. Mastering learning method is a new teaching idea advocated by Bloom. Bloom believes that if teachers can give all students enough time to study, suit their own learning methods and materials, and give encouragement and attention to all students, then almost all students can complete almost all the teaching content. Under the premise of "everyone can master" and on the basis of class teaching system, school teachers use stratified objectives, diagnostic evaluation, formative evaluation, correction of the system, and use different teaching methods to complete teaching tasks. Then almost all students can master the contents of the study. This paper makes a comparative study of mastering the learning method and the traditional teaching method in volleyball cushion teaching by using the methods of literature, expert interview, experiment, mathematical statistics and questionnaire investigation. The subjects were randomly selected from the second grade of junior middle school in Jinan Quancheng Middle School. Before the experiment, the basic condition, physical quality and psychological tendency of the two classes were understood, so as to ensure that the difference between the two classes was not significant, so as to ensure the accuracy of the experiment. In the experiment, one class uses master learning method, the other class uses traditional teaching method. After the experiment, the changes of physical quality, psychological tendency and technical level of the two classes were tested, and the data were obtained, and the data were counted by SPSS, and the results of the experiment were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: 1 the use of mastering learning method in volleyball teaching in junior high school is more helpful to cultivate students' interest, self-confidence and other non-intellectual factors than traditional teaching method, and to improve the enthusiasm and initiative of the underachievers. It is better for students to master the relevant theoretical knowledge than the traditional teaching method. (3) to use mastering learning method in junior high school volleyball teaching, and to use mastering learning method in junior high school volleyball teaching. Compared with the traditional teaching method, it is more helpful to promote the students to improve their skill level and enhance their physical quality, and to obtain better teaching results and more remarkable teaching results. The new concept of students and teachers, the feedback correction system promotes the development of motor skills and improves the teaching quality. 5 the results of the teaching experiment of mastering learning method in volleyball teaching in junior high school show that mastering learning method is superior to traditional teaching method. This provides a reference for the teaching of other sports items in junior high school. From the above conclusion, it can be seen that mastering the learning method is beneficial to the teaching of junior high school volleyball, but the traditional teaching method also has its advantages and cannot be denied completely. And there are many shortcomings in mastering learning, such as how to make eugenics have higher development, how not to make the implementation of correction system time-consuming, how to set more scientific unit goals. These also need sports workers to do further experiments and research for it.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.96
本文編號：2385485
[Abstract]:Volleyball teaching is an important part of junior high school physical education syllabus, and the ball cushion is a boring and high standard basic technique in volleyball technology. According to the teachers' view of traditional teaching method, the students' achievements are normal distribution, the existence of "poor students" is the inevitable result of the normal distribution of achievements in the teaching process, and the teachers' focus is on the "top students" and ordinary students. It is not good for some students to master volleyball skills. Nowadays, the number of middle school students is increasing, the contradiction between class teaching system and students' individual differences is becoming more and more fierce, and the sports workers are constantly looking for ways to improve the teaching quality. Therefore, some scholars advocate the application of mastering learning theory and mastering learning method put forward by American educationist and psychologist Bloom to physical education teaching in our country in order to solve this contradiction. Mastering learning method is a new teaching idea advocated by Bloom. Bloom believes that if teachers can give all students enough time to study, suit their own learning methods and materials, and give encouragement and attention to all students, then almost all students can complete almost all the teaching content. Under the premise of "everyone can master" and on the basis of class teaching system, school teachers use stratified objectives, diagnostic evaluation, formative evaluation, correction of the system, and use different teaching methods to complete teaching tasks. Then almost all students can master the contents of the study. This paper makes a comparative study of mastering the learning method and the traditional teaching method in volleyball cushion teaching by using the methods of literature, expert interview, experiment, mathematical statistics and questionnaire investigation. The subjects were randomly selected from the second grade of junior middle school in Jinan Quancheng Middle School. Before the experiment, the basic condition, physical quality and psychological tendency of the two classes were understood, so as to ensure that the difference between the two classes was not significant, so as to ensure the accuracy of the experiment. In the experiment, one class uses master learning method, the other class uses traditional teaching method. After the experiment, the changes of physical quality, psychological tendency and technical level of the two classes were tested, and the data were obtained, and the data were counted by SPSS, and the results of the experiment were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: 1 the use of mastering learning method in volleyball teaching in junior high school is more helpful to cultivate students' interest, self-confidence and other non-intellectual factors than traditional teaching method, and to improve the enthusiasm and initiative of the underachievers. It is better for students to master the relevant theoretical knowledge than the traditional teaching method. (3) to use mastering learning method in junior high school volleyball teaching, and to use mastering learning method in junior high school volleyball teaching. Compared with the traditional teaching method, it is more helpful to promote the students to improve their skill level and enhance their physical quality, and to obtain better teaching results and more remarkable teaching results. The new concept of students and teachers, the feedback correction system promotes the development of motor skills and improves the teaching quality. 5 the results of the teaching experiment of mastering learning method in volleyball teaching in junior high school show that mastering learning method is superior to traditional teaching method. This provides a reference for the teaching of other sports items in junior high school. From the above conclusion, it can be seen that mastering the learning method is beneficial to the teaching of junior high school volleyball, but the traditional teaching method also has its advantages and cannot be denied completely. And there are many shortcomings in mastering learning, such as how to make eugenics have higher development, how not to make the implementation of correction system time-consuming, how to set more scientific unit goals. These also need sports workers to do further experiments and research for it.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.96
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