【摘要】：隨著國(guó)際地理課程的不斷改革,多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)在其地理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中都將尺度作為地理學(xué)的核心思想,地理尺度思想愈加凸顯其重要地位。而地理尺度思想對(duì)于地理過(guò)程教學(xué)具有很好的指導(dǎo)作用,可以幫助理解地理過(guò)程的時(shí)空耦合性,更深入地認(rèn)識(shí)地理過(guò)程的基本原理和規(guī)律。所以在進(jìn)行地理過(guò)程教學(xué)時(shí)注意滲透地理尺度思想十分重要,但目前對(duì)于這方面的研究很少。針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)狀,本文詳細(xì)分析了地理尺度思想滲透于地理過(guò)程教學(xué)的必要性和可行性,系統(tǒng)梳理了人教版高中地理教材必修一和必修二當(dāng)中蘊(yùn)含的“地理過(guò)程”知識(shí),提出了滲透地理尺度思想應(yīng)該遵循科學(xué)性、適度性和因材施教原則,探究了在教材和課堂兩個(gè)方面的滲透途徑,并指出滲透時(shí)應(yīng)注意教師的觀(guān)念和知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備、滲透的程度、以及學(xué)生的興趣。本文認(rèn)為,教師需要立足地理教材和課堂,挖掘地理尺度思想,運(yùn)用一定的直觀(guān)手段和技術(shù)手段,以學(xué)生感興趣的方式將地理尺度思想滲透到地理過(guò)程教學(xué)中。為了使得滲透得當(dāng),教師需要認(rèn)識(shí)到地理尺度的重要性,增加自己的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,潛心研究地理尺度思想,掌握滲透的程度,把握好課堂滲透的時(shí)間,并采用能激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣的方式進(jìn)行課堂滲透。最后,本文針對(duì)地理循環(huán)過(guò)程、地理演變過(guò)程、地理波動(dòng)性變化過(guò)程和地理擴(kuò)散過(guò)程四種地理過(guò)程分別設(shè)計(jì)了“自然界的水循環(huán)”、“常見(jiàn)天氣系統(tǒng)”、“人口的數(shù)量變化”和“人口的空間變化”四個(gè)案例,以說(shuō)明地理尺度思想在地理過(guò)程教學(xué)中的滲透,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的地理尺度思想,提高地理過(guò)程教學(xué)的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous reform of international geography curriculum, many countries and regions regard scale as the core idea of geography in their geography curriculum standards, and the thought of geographical scale is becoming more and more important. The idea of geographical scale has a good guiding effect on the teaching of geographical process, which can help to understand the spatio-temporal coupling of geographical process, and to understand the basic principles and laws of geographical process more deeply. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to infiltrating the idea of geographical scale in the teaching of geography process, but there is little research on this aspect. In view of this situation, this paper analyzes in detail the necessity and feasibility of the idea of geographical scale permeating into the teaching of geography process, and systematically combs the knowledge of "geographical process" contained in the required first and second courses in the geography teaching materials of senior high school. This paper puts forward that the thought of infiltrating geographical scale should follow the principles of science, moderation and teaching according to students' aptitude, probes into the ways of infiltration in both teaching materials and classroom, and points out that teachers should pay attention to teachers' ideas and knowledge reserves and the degree of penetration when infiltrating. And the interest of the students. This paper holds that teachers should base themselves on geography teaching materials and classrooms, dig out the idea of geographical scale, and apply some intuitive and technical means to infiltrate the idea of geographical scale into the teaching of geographical process in a way that students are interested in. In order to make infiltration appropriate, teachers need to realize the importance of geographical scale, increase their knowledge reserve, study the idea of geographical scale, grasp the degree of penetration, and grasp the time of classroom penetration. And can stimulate the interest of students in the way of classroom penetration. Finally, this paper designs the "water cycle of nature", "common weather system" and "common weather system" for four geographical processes: geographical cycle process, geographical evolution process, geographical fluctuation change process and geographical diffusion process, respectively. The four cases of "the change of population quantity" and "the spatial change of population" are used to illustrate the infiltration of the idea of geographical scale in the teaching of geographical process, to train students' thought of geographical scale, and to improve the effectiveness of teaching of geographical process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G633.55

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