本文選題：中小學(xué) + 體育課�。� 參考：《集美大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以福建省中小學(xué)體育課堂教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀為研究內(nèi)容,選取了福建省58所中小學(xué)學(xué)校的116節(jié)體育課作為觀察對象。采用觀察方法、訪談方法、問卷調(diào)查方法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計方法等,對體育課的開設(shè)情況、教學(xué)時間的利用、學(xué)生練習(xí)密度、體育課堂教學(xué)組織形式、教法組織與技能教學(xué)方法、課堂教學(xué)項(xiàng)目內(nèi)容、項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)動強(qiáng)度、學(xué)生對體育課興趣程度這8個方面進(jìn)行調(diào)查。結(jié)果顯示:整體教學(xué)效果良好、教學(xué)過程規(guī)范、體育教學(xué)對促進(jìn)學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康水平發(fā)揮積極作用。研究結(jié)果同時顯示:體育教學(xué)也存在一定的不足,具體體現(xiàn)在以下八個方面。1、在課時方面:3-9年級和高中階段按要求開設(shè)體育課的學(xué)校比例達(dá)到100%。而小學(xué)1-2年級能按照要求開足開齊體育課的學(xué)校占比91.7%,未按照要求開足開齊體育課的學(xué)校占比8.3%;2、在體育課三個部分時間分配方面:準(zhǔn)備部分時間耗時達(dá)20分鐘以上的課堂有59.5%;基本部分時間在20分鐘以下的有42.2%;而在結(jié)束部分沒有整理放松活動環(huán)節(jié)的課時數(shù)比例達(dá)70.7%;結(jié)束部分進(jìn)行整理放松活動時間1-5分鐘的比例為26.9%,6-10分鐘的比例為3.4%。3、在練習(xí)密度方面:在所調(diào)查的116節(jié)體育課中,學(xué)生全課身體練習(xí)密度在25%以下的有61節(jié),學(xué)生身體練習(xí)密度在25%-40%之間的有55節(jié)。4、在課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容方面:中小學(xué)體育課在教學(xué)內(nèi)容開展上雖然涉及的項(xiàng)目較多,但多以師資特點(diǎn)來選擇項(xiàng)目,各校項(xiàng)目不盡一致。5、在體育課中的運(yùn)動負(fù)荷方面,小學(xué)學(xué)生體操類居多運(yùn)動負(fù)荷較低,導(dǎo)致鍛煉效果不佳。中學(xué)學(xué)生在體育課中的運(yùn)動負(fù)荷較高,具有一定的鍛煉效果。6、在課的教學(xué)組織形式方面:中學(xué)體育課采取整班式教學(xué)方式的課時比例為28.9%,興趣項(xiàng)目分班為42.1%,分組教學(xué)為27.6%,復(fù)式教學(xué)為1.3%;小學(xué)體育課采取整班式教學(xué)方式的課時比例為47.5%,興趣項(xiàng)目分班為22.5%,分組教學(xué)為22.5%,復(fù)式教學(xué)為7.5%。體現(xiàn)了教學(xué)組織的多樣性。7、在技能教學(xué)方法上:主要采用完整教學(xué)法、分解教學(xué)法、領(lǐng)會教學(xué)法和循環(huán)練習(xí)法這幾種教學(xué)方法來進(jìn)行技能教學(xué),其分別占33%、42.9%、13.4%和10.7%。符合學(xué)生特點(diǎn)。8、在學(xué)生對體育課興趣程度方面:對體育課感興趣和非常感興趣的學(xué)生人數(shù),只占比16.2%和15.1%。影響學(xué)生對體育課興趣的因素主要存在于教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)方法、場地器材以及家庭等幾方面。研究認(rèn)為:學(xué)校體育雖然存在著領(lǐng)導(dǎo)重視、場地條件、學(xué)生人數(shù)等諸多因素,但是體育課的科學(xué)性和規(guī)范性仍然有提高的空間,建議加強(qiáng)體育教學(xué)的科學(xué)化水平,更新教師知識結(jié)構(gòu)、提高教師的責(zé)任心、不斷提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量,促進(jìn)青少年學(xué)生身心健康全面發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Based on the present situation of PE classroom teaching in primary and secondary schools in Fujian Province, 116 PE classes in 58 primary and secondary schools in Fujian Province were selected as the objects of observation in this paper. The methods of observation, interview, questionnaire, mathematical statistics and so on were adopted. The opening of physical education, the use of teaching time, the density of students' practice, the organizational form of physical education classroom teaching, the organization of teaching method and the teaching method of skills were used. The contents of classroom teaching items, the intensity of sports and the students' interest in physical education were investigated. The results showed that the overall teaching effect was good, the teaching process was standardized, and the physical education played a positive role in promoting the students' physical health. At the same time, the results show that there are some deficiencies in physical education teaching, which are embodied in the following eight aspects: 1. The proportion of schools offering physical education classes according to the requirements in grade 3-9 and senior high school reaches 100% in the following eight aspects. However, 91.7% of primary schools in grade 1-2 can open physical education classes according to requirements, and 8.3% of schools that do not open physical education classes according to the requirements. In terms of time allocation of three parts of physical education, the preparation time takes up to 20 minutes. There are 59.5 in the classroom; 42.2 in the basic part of 20 minutes; 70.7 in the end when the relaxation activities are not organized; and 26.96-10 minutes in the finishing part. The ratio is 3.4. 3, in terms of practice density: in 116 physical education classes surveyed, There are 61 sessions with the density of physical exercises below 25% of the whole class, and 55 sections .4 with the density of physical exercises between 25% and 40% of the students. In terms of the teaching content of the class, there are many items involved in the development of physical education in primary and secondary schools. However, the characteristics of teachers to choose the project, the school items are not consistent. 5, in physical education class sports load, the gymnastics class of primary school students exercise load is low, resulting in poor exercise effect. Middle school students have a higher sports load in physical education, It has a certain effect of exercise. In the aspect of teaching organization, the proportion of class hours in middle school physical education is 28.9, the interest item is 42.1, the group teaching is 27.6and the duplex teaching is 1.3.The physical education in primary school takes the form of physical education in the form of "whole class", "interest item" is 42.1%, "group teaching" is 27.6g, and "duplex teaching" is 1.3%. The class hours ratio of the whole class teaching method is 47.5, the interest item class is 22.5. the group teaching is 22.5and the duplex teaching is 7.5. It embodies the diversity of teaching organization. In terms of skill teaching methods, it mainly adopts complete teaching method, decomposing teaching method, understanding teaching method and circular exercise method to carry on skill teaching, which accounts for 33% and 10.7% respectively. According to the characteristics of students, the number of students who are interested and very interested in physical education only account for 16.2% and 15.1% in terms of students' interest in physical education. The factors influencing students' interest in physical education mainly lie in teaching content, teaching method, site and equipment, family and so on. The study holds that although there are many factors in school physical education, such as leadership attention, site condition, student number and so on, there is room for improvement in the scientific and normative aspects of physical education, and it is suggested that the scientific level of physical education teaching should be strengthened. To renew teachers' knowledge structure, to improve teachers' sense of responsibility, to improve teaching quality, and to promote the overall development of adolescent students' physical and mental health.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：集美大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.96

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