本文選題：初中物理 + 農(nóng)村初中��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：實(shí)驗(yàn)為物理教學(xué)的重要構(gòu)成,它具有引發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)動機(jī),為學(xué)習(xí)供給探究情境及真實(shí)情景,將符號化知識具體化以及讓學(xué)生學(xué)會一定探究方法,使學(xué)生實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)良學(xué)習(xí)作風(fēng)的功能。本文以物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為導(dǎo)向,以本地區(qū)的物理教育現(xiàn)實(shí)情況為根本,聯(lián)系自身的實(shí)踐經(jīng)歷,結(jié)合相關(guān)的教育理論,對實(shí)施小實(shí)驗(yàn)在初中物理教學(xué)的可行性和作用進(jìn)行論證性。農(nóng)村地區(qū)由于經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的落后,使得農(nóng)村初中的物質(zhì)設(shè)施較為薄弱,實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備比較貧乏,而合理充分地實(shí)施小實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)不僅可以彌補(bǔ)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件落后帶來的不足,還能在促使學(xué)生均衡發(fā)展上取得較好的效果。實(shí)踐表明,實(shí)施小實(shí)驗(yàn)有其切實(shí)必要性和獨(dú)特優(yōu)點(diǎn)。結(jié)合農(nóng)村學(xué)校的實(shí)際情況,系統(tǒng)地闡述了實(shí)施小實(shí)驗(yàn)的原則、策略、注意問題等,并詳細(xì)介紹若干有針對性的案例。希望依據(jù)對本文的研究,對物理教學(xué)提供有益的借鑒和參考。物理小實(shí)驗(yàn),取材于日常生活用品,以生活中的普遍現(xiàn)象為研究對象,從中探究發(fā)現(xiàn)物理規(guī)律,體會物理規(guī)律物理知識在社會實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用和方法。學(xué)生將生活生產(chǎn)和物理知識更好地聯(lián)系起來,物理小實(shí)驗(yàn)的開展成為培養(yǎng)學(xué)生動手實(shí)踐和獨(dú)立思考的有效的方法。從我市的物理教學(xué)實(shí)際情況以及實(shí)驗(yàn)配備來看,進(jìn)行和開展物理小實(shí)驗(yàn)的知識理論方面的研究與實(shí)踐探索都有其必要性和必須性。本文首先介紹了課題涵義,并在國內(nèi)外研究成果基礎(chǔ)上確立探索的背景和發(fā)展方向,其次通過問卷調(diào)查及個(gè)人訪談等方法闡述農(nóng)村初中物理教學(xué)現(xiàn)存的實(shí)際情形及問題并論證了小實(shí)驗(yàn)在物理學(xué)科中的必要性,然后分別從教育理論和實(shí)施的原則策略等方面論述物理小實(shí)驗(yàn)的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢和注意的問題,選取了作者在小實(shí)驗(yàn)方向上實(shí)踐探索的幾個(gè)典型案例一一分析,為今后的實(shí)踐探索總結(jié)成果及不足。本文共分為六章,分別是:第一章是論文的研究背景。針對目前素質(zhì)教育發(fā)展的新形勢以及農(nóng)村初中特殊情況,闡述了國際國內(nèi)物理小實(shí)驗(yàn)的發(fā)展概況,結(jié)合初中物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出本研究的探究目的和方向。第二章為農(nóng)村初中物理教學(xué)的現(xiàn)存狀況及存在弊端。通過對農(nóng)村初中物理教學(xué)實(shí)際情況的分析,借助問卷調(diào)查分別對教師和學(xué)生實(shí)施調(diào)查,一一分析調(diào)查結(jié)果,并結(jié)合豐富的案例得出物理小實(shí)驗(yàn)的可行性和必要性。第三章為物理小實(shí)驗(yàn)的理論研究。依據(jù)動機(jī)理論、建構(gòu)主義學(xué)習(xí)理論以及認(rèn)知發(fā)現(xiàn)理論的觀點(diǎn),對小實(shí)驗(yàn)深入剖析,得出物理小實(shí)驗(yàn)在實(shí)際教學(xué)中的作用。第四章是指導(dǎo)學(xué)生實(shí)施物理小實(shí)驗(yàn)的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)。結(jié)合作者自身教學(xué)實(shí)踐,詳細(xì)闡述了物理小實(shí)驗(yàn)的開發(fā)途徑、實(shí)施原則、開展策略和實(shí)施過程中應(yīng)考慮的因素。第五章是指導(dǎo)學(xué)生實(shí)施物理小實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)踐探索。憑借對若干典型案例的展示,細(xì)致的分析了小實(shí)驗(yàn)在引發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣、幫助學(xué)生理解新知識、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生動手實(shí)踐能力和小組合作能力及探究應(yīng)用能力等發(fā)面的作用。第六章是本文的反思和總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:The important constitute of physics teaching, it has caused the learning motivation, learning to supply inquiry situations and real scenarios, the symbolic knowledge and let students learn some specific research methods, to enable students to achieve good learning style. The function of physics curriculum standard oriented to the reality of physics education in this area is fundamental, with their own practical experience, combined with the related theory of education, demonstration of the feasibility and effects of small experiments in Physics Teaching in junior middle school in rural areas. Due to the economic conditions of the backward rural junior high school physical facilities is relatively weak, the experimental equipment is relatively poor, and the rational and full implementation of small experimental teaching can not only make up for the lack of economic behind the condition brings, can achieve good results in the balanced development of the students. The practice shows that the implementation of a small experiment has its practical necessity and Unique advantages. According to the actual situation of rural schools, systematically elaborated the implementation of experiment principles, strategies, and attention problems, and introduces some practical cases. Hope the research basis, provide a useful reference for physics teaching. Physical experiment, based on the daily necessities. As a common phenomenon in life as the research object, exploring the laws of physics in the application experience and method of physical laws of physics knowledge in social practice. Students will live together production and better knowledge of physics, physical experiment has become the effective method of cultivating students' hands-on practice and independent thinking. From with the actual situation of our city and the teaching of physics experiments, and carry out small experimental physics knowledge theory research and practice has its necessity and necessity. This article first introduced The research meaning and research results at home and abroad on the basis of the establishment background and development direction of exploration, followed by the method of questionnaire survey and individual interview and so on the actual situation and existing problems of rural junior high school physics teaching, and demonstrate the necessity of physics in a small experiment, and then from the theory of education and the implementation of the principle of strategy aspects of physics experiments are the unique advantages and problems, the author selects several typical cases in the practice of small experiments on the direction of 11 analysis for future practice summary of the achievements and deficiencies. This paper is divided into six chapters, respectively is: the first chapter is the research background of this thesis. According to the current situation of the development of quality the rural junior middle school education and the special situation, expounds the development of domestic and international physics experiments, this study proposes to explore and combine the junior middle school physics curriculum standard To the present situation. The second chapter is the rural junior high school physics teaching and disadvantages. Based on the analysis of the actual situation of rural junior high school physics teaching, by means of questionnaire survey were performed on teachers and students, one by one analysis of the survey results, the feasibility and necessity of combining with abundant case physical experiment. The third chapter is the theoretical research little physics experiments. On the basis of motivation theory, constructivist learning theory and cognitive discovery theory, in-depth analysis of the small experiment, found little physics experiments in actual teaching. The fourth chapter is the design of teaching to guide students to implement physical experiment. Combined with the author's own teaching practice, this paper expounds the development ways of physics small experiment implementation principle, carry out strategies and factors that should be considered in the process of implementation. The fifth chapter is to explore the practice of small experimental physics teaching students. By virtue of some code Case presentation, detailed analysis of the experimental study interest in students, to help students understand the new knowledge, to develop students' practical ability and team cooperation ability and application ability etc. The sixth chapter is the summary and reflection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G633.7

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