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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 初中生物課 問題導(dǎo)入 案例設(shè)計　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：問題導(dǎo)入是導(dǎo)入的一種基本方式,在教學(xué)中被廣泛使用。教師通過多種教學(xué)媒介創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境,根據(jù)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知特點提出幾個問題或引導(dǎo)學(xué)生提出問題進(jìn)行問題導(dǎo)入,可以啟發(fā)學(xué)生的思維,提高教學(xué)效率。對于同一節(jié)課,問題品質(zhì)不同,導(dǎo)入效果也大相庭徑,這就要求教師要掌握一定的理論基礎(chǔ),遵循問題導(dǎo)入的原則,提高運(yùn)用問題導(dǎo)入進(jìn)行教學(xué)能力。但是,通過查閱文獻(xiàn)資料發(fā)現(xiàn)我國對于初中生物課問題導(dǎo)入缺少系統(tǒng)化研究,大多還停留在個人的經(jīng)驗總結(jié)階段。在初中生物教學(xué)實踐中,部分教師在實施問題導(dǎo)入時也存在一些問題,影響了問題導(dǎo)入的效果。因此,本研究通過文獻(xiàn)法、觀察法和訪談法從理論和實踐兩方面對初中生物課問題導(dǎo)入展開了研究,希望能夠為初中生物教師提供一些參考。本論文結(jié)構(gòu)如下:論文共有六章:第一章為緒論,本章從教育改革的需要和現(xiàn)實教學(xué)的需要兩方面闡述了研究問題導(dǎo)入的必要性,分析了國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)研究,介紹了本研究的目的和意義以及整個研究思路和研究方法;第二章為概念界定和理論基礎(chǔ),主要界定了問題、導(dǎo)入、以及問題導(dǎo)入的概念,并闡述了關(guān)于問題導(dǎo)入的相關(guān)理論;第三章對問題導(dǎo)入進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的理論探討,其中分別論述了問題導(dǎo)入的分類、問題導(dǎo)入的主要功能、問題導(dǎo)入的相關(guān)原則、問題導(dǎo)入的設(shè)計過程;第四章是以濟(jì)南版初中生物教科書為依據(jù)進(jìn)行的問題導(dǎo)入的相關(guān)案例設(shè)計;第五章為案例的實施。最后通過對以上研究的總結(jié)得出以下結(jié)論:問題導(dǎo)入作為導(dǎo)入的方式之一,能夠引起學(xué)生注意,啟發(fā)學(xué)生的思維,對學(xué)生建構(gòu)知識有重要的作用,在生物課堂教學(xué)中應(yīng)受到高度重視;問題導(dǎo)入的有效實施關(guān)鍵在于問題的設(shè)計,科學(xué)的問題可以提高導(dǎo)入的有效性;問題導(dǎo)入可以激發(fā)興趣、明確目標(biāo)、促進(jìn)遷移;根據(jù)初中生的身心發(fā)展水平及生物學(xué)科的特點,在實際教學(xué)中實施問題導(dǎo)入是可行的。
[Abstract]:Question introduction is a basic way of introducing, which is widely used in teaching. Teachers create problem situations through a variety of teaching media. According to the students' cognitive characteristics, it can enlighten the students' thinking and improve the teaching efficiency by putting forward several questions or leading them to ask questions. For the same class, the quality of the problems is different. The effect of introduction is also large, which requires teachers to master a certain theoretical basis, follow the principle of problem introduction, and improve the teaching ability of using problem introduction. Through the review of literature, we find that there is no systematic research on the introduction of biology lesson in junior high school in our country, and most of them are still in the stage of personal experience summary, and in the biology teaching practice of junior high school. Some teachers also have some problems in the implementation of problem introduction, which affects the effect of problem introduction. Observation method and interview method from the theoretical and practical aspects of junior high school biology lesson introduction of the research. Hope to be able to provide some reference for junior high school biology teachers. The structure of this paper is as follows: there are six chapters: the first chapter is the introduction. This chapter expounds the necessity of the introduction of research problems from the needs of educational reform and the needs of practical teaching, and analyzes the relevant research at home and abroad. This paper introduces the purpose and significance of this study, as well as the whole research ideas and research methods; The second chapter is the concept definition and theoretical basis, mainly defines the problem, the introduction, and the problem introduction concept, and elaborated the related theory about the question introduction; The third chapter discusses the theory of problem introduction, including the classification of problem introduction, the main functions of problem introduction, the relevant principles of problem introduction, and the design process of problem introduction. Chapter 4th is based on Jinan version of junior high school biology textbook as the basis of the introduction of the relevant case design; Chapter 5th is the implementation of the case. Finally, through the summary of the above research, the following conclusions are drawn: as one of the ways of introduction, the introduction of problems can arouse students' attention and inspire students' thinking. It plays an important role in students' construction of knowledge and should be attached great importance to in biology classroom teaching. The key to the effective implementation of the problem introduction lies in the design of the problem, and the scientific problem can improve the effectiveness of the introduction; Problem introduction can stimulate interest, clear goals, and promote migration; According to the level of physical and mental development of junior high school students and the characteristics of biology, it is feasible to carry out problem introduction in practical teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.91

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