本文選題：小學(xué)生 + 脊柱形態(tài)��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：脊柱問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為影響少年兒童身體健康的重要問(wèn)題,通過(guò)對(duì)新華區(qū)小學(xué)生脊柱形態(tài)的測(cè)試,可以有效地對(duì)學(xué)生的脊柱生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育進(jìn)行監(jiān)控,了解當(dāng)前該區(qū)小學(xué)生的脊柱生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育情況,分析導(dǎo)致小學(xué)生脊柱形態(tài)出現(xiàn)異常的原因,并做出改善小學(xué)生脊柱形態(tài)的相應(yīng)對(duì)策,預(yù)防學(xué)生脊柱在自然生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中因形態(tài)異常而導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的功能性異常的情況出現(xiàn),提高家長(zhǎng)、學(xué)校及社會(huì)各界人士對(duì)少年兒童脊柱健康的關(guān)注,以達(dá)到提高少年兒童脊柱健康水平的目的,同時(shí)為脊柱相關(guān)疾病的預(yù)防以及治療提供可靠的參考依據(jù)。本研究使用了目前最為先進(jìn)和便捷的spinal mouse脊柱電子測(cè)量?jī)x對(duì)石家莊市新華區(qū)的10所小學(xué)的學(xué)生的脊柱形態(tài)進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,男生894人,女生771人,測(cè)試指標(biāo)為胸椎曲度、腰椎曲度,運(yùn)用SPSS20.0對(duì)所測(cè)得的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行獨(dú)立樣本T檢驗(yàn)和單因素方差分析,對(duì)胸椎曲度、腰椎曲度和脊柱形態(tài)各等級(jí)分布及百分比進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析;為了了解誘發(fā)小學(xué)生脊柱形態(tài)生長(zhǎng)異常的原因,通過(guò)發(fā)放兩輪針對(duì)小學(xué)生情況的問(wèn)卷,為保證問(wèn)卷填的真實(shí)性和有效性,問(wèn)卷由被試小學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)填寫(xiě),并采取匿名的方式,通過(guò)家長(zhǎng)對(duì)問(wèn)卷的填寫(xiě)結(jié)果,來(lái)了解小學(xué)生的相關(guān)情況,分析得出導(dǎo)致小學(xué)生脊柱形態(tài)出現(xiàn)異常的原因;針對(duì)小學(xué)脊柱形態(tài)出現(xiàn)的異常,運(yùn)用特爾菲法來(lái)確定強(qiáng)健小學(xué)生脊柱對(duì)策的合理性,共發(fā)放了三輪專家問(wèn)卷,第一輪問(wèn)卷通過(guò)專家意見(jiàn),對(duì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行篩選、整理和修改后,發(fā)放第二輪專家問(wèn)卷,用Excel2010計(jì)算出第二輪問(wèn)卷各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的均值,并將第二輪的專家意見(jiàn)反饋給各位專家,通過(guò)三輪問(wèn)卷的15位專家對(duì)各指標(biāo)的排序錄入SPSS20.0后,用非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)計(jì)算出各級(jí)指標(biāo)的肯德?tīng)柡椭C系數(shù)和權(quán)重,和諧系數(shù)值均大于0.8,即專家意見(jiàn)趨于一致,并跟據(jù)權(quán)重值進(jìn)行排序,最終得出了石家莊市新華區(qū)小學(xué)生脊柱形態(tài)的改善對(duì)策。研究結(jié)果:對(duì)不同脊柱形態(tài)人數(shù)分布及百分比進(jìn)行分析,1665名小學(xué)生的脊柱形態(tài)處于正常背的人數(shù)僅占到12.3%,其中處于直背的人數(shù)比例最高,占據(jù)總?cè)藬?shù)的72.3%,處于直背的人數(shù)是處于正常背的人數(shù)的5.9倍,出現(xiàn)駝背的人數(shù)接近總?cè)藬?shù)的十分之一,還有部分小學(xué)生出現(xiàn)了腰椎前凸和鞍背;男生的脊柱形態(tài)比女生出現(xiàn)的生長(zhǎng)異常的情況要嚴(yán)重;五年級(jí)小學(xué)生的脊柱形態(tài)優(yōu)于其他年級(jí),但處于水平三階段的學(xué)生出現(xiàn)駝背的人數(shù)比例明顯高于水平一階段和水平二階段;不同性別的男女小學(xué)生在脊柱形態(tài)上存在顯著差異,男生的脊柱形態(tài)異常比例明顯高于女生;隨著水平階段的升高,直背的人數(shù)比例在降低,駝背的人數(shù)比例在升高,部分小學(xué)生還出現(xiàn)了鞍背和腰椎前凸等脊柱形態(tài)的異常。研究結(jié)論:1、當(dāng)前新華區(qū)小學(xué)生的脊柱形態(tài)總體健康水平較低,胸椎曲度和腰椎曲度均發(fā)生了不同程度的偏離正常范圍,并且胸椎生長(zhǎng)的異常比例要高于腰椎。2、石家莊市新華區(qū)小學(xué)生脊柱形態(tài)異常的誘發(fā)因素:家長(zhǎng)在嬰兒期對(duì)孩子保護(hù)過(guò)度、小學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重及錯(cuò)誤的學(xué)習(xí)姿勢(shì)、不良的生活方式和習(xí)慣、自然環(huán)境的改變。3、石家莊市新華區(qū)小學(xué)生脊柱形態(tài)的改善對(duì)策有三個(gè)方面:學(xué)校因素、家庭因素、社會(huì)因素。
[Abstract]:The spinal problem has become an important problem affecting the physical health of children. Through the test of the spinal morphology of the pupils in Xinhua District, it can effectively monitor the growth and development of the spine of the students, understand the growth and development of the spine of the pupils in the area, analyze the causes of the abnormal shape of the spinal column and make a change. In order to improve children's spine health, parents, schools and people from all walks of life should pay more attention to the health of children's spine in order to improve the health of children's spine. This study used the most advanced and convenient spinal mouse spine electronic measuring instrument to test the spinal morphology of 10 primary school students in Shijiazhuang Xinhua District, 894 boys and 771 girls. The test index was the curvature of the thoracic vertebra, the lumbar curvature, and the use of SPSS20.0. An independent sample T test and a single factor analysis of variance were used to analyze the distributions and percentages of various grades of thoracic curvature, lumbar curvature and spinal morphology. In order to understand the causes of abnormal spinal morphological growth in primary school students, the questionnaire of two rounds of needles was issued to ensure the truth of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled by the parents of the primary school students and was anonymous. Through the parents' filling out the results of the questionnaire to understand the related situation of primary school students and analyze the causes of abnormal spinal morphology in primary school students. The rationality of the column countermeasures, a total of three rounds of expert questionnaires were issued. The first round of questionnaires, through the expert opinion, was screened, collated and modified, and second rounds of expert questionnaires were issued. The average value of the second rounds of the indicators was calculated with Excel2010, and the second rounds of expert opinions were fed back to the experts and the 15 experts of the three rounds of questionnaires were passed. After the order of each index was entered SPSS20.0, the Kendall harmony coefficient and weight of all levels were calculated by non parametric test. The values of the harmonious department were all greater than 0.8. That is to say, the expert opinions tend to be consistent with the weight value. Finally, the improvement of the spinal morphology of primary school students in Shijiazhuang Xinhua District is obtained. The number distribution and percentage of the column form were analyzed. The number of 1665 pupils in the normal back accounted for only 12.3%. The number of people in the straight back was the highest, occupying 72.3% of the total. The number of people in the straight back was 5.9 times that of the normal back, and the number of hunchbacks was close to 1/10 of the total number, and there was another part. The primary school students had lumbar lordosis and saddle back; the spinal morphology of boys was more serious than that of female students; the form of spinal column in grade five pupils was better than that of other grades, but the proportion of people who were in the level three stage was obviously higher than the level one stage and the level two stage; the male and female primary school in different sexes were in primary school. There was a significant difference in the morphology of the spinal column. The proportion of the spinal morphological abnormalities in the boys was significantly higher than that of the girls. With the rise of the level, the proportion of the number of straight back was decreased, the proportion of the number of humpback was increased. Some pupils also had the abnormal shape of the spine, such as the back of the saddle and the lumbar lordosis. Research conclusions: 1, the current Xinhua District pupils The overall health level of the spine is low, the curvature of the thoracic vertebrae and the curvature of the lumbar vertebra deviate from the normal range, and the abnormal proportion of the growth of the thoracic vertebrae is higher than that of the lumbar.2. The causes of abnormal spinal morphology in the primary school students in Shijiazhuang Xinhua District: the parents are overprotective to the children during the infancy and the pupils' learning burden is too heavy and wrong. Mistaken learning posture, bad lifestyle and habits, natural environment changes.3, Shijiazhuang Xinhua District Primary School Students' spinal morphology improvement countermeasures are three aspects: school factors, family factors, social factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R726.8;G627.8

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