本文選題：線粒體DNA + 多態(tài)性�。� 參考：《汕頭大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】：背景:線粒體DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)具有母系遺傳、缺乏重組、突變率高等遺傳特性,因此容易形成人群特異的遺傳標(biāo)記,是研究人類系統(tǒng)進化、人群遷移歷史的一個很有用的遺傳標(biāo)記。由于線粒體DNA遵從嚴(yán)格的母系遺傳方式,避免了混血影響,因而通過對線粒體差異的分析可以忠實再現(xiàn)人群的母系進化史。潮汕僻處我國的東南隅,廣東省的最東端,與福建省毗鄰,其地域包括今天的汕頭、潮州、揭陽三個地級市。對應(yīng)的潮汕人指居住于該區(qū)域并有自己獨特方言和生活習(xí)慣的漢族民系。據(jù)歷史記載,公元前214年之前,潮汕地區(qū)的主要先民是閩越族,秦漢之后,隨著中原漢族后裔南遷并與當(dāng)?shù)卦∶袢诤?潮汕人遂被逐漸同化為漢族。課題組前期曾采用HLA(Human leucocyte antigen)以及常染色體STR(Short tandem repeat)遺傳標(biāo)記在基因水平上對潮汕人群的人類學(xué)起源進行過研究。兩種遺傳標(biāo)記的研究結(jié)果都顯示潮汕漢族與南方漢族聚類并與閩南漢族親緣關(guān)系最近,而與北方漢族的親緣關(guān)系較遠。STR研究的結(jié)果還顯示在潮汕人群基因庫中中原漢族的成分占主體,而南方原住民的成分較少。 目的:從母系遺傳的角度研究潮汕人群與中國其他人群之間的親緣關(guān)系,進一步探討潮汕人群母系基因庫的遺傳成分。 方法:對潮汕漢族人群120例無關(guān)個體進行高變區(qū)(hypervariable segment 1 and hypervariable segment 2,HVS-1 and HVS-2)序列分析和COⅡ/tRNALys區(qū)段的9bp缺失檢測,計算各種單倍群的頻率。進一步收集其他人群的線粒體DNA第一高變區(qū)序列和單倍群頻率數(shù)據(jù)用于人群比較。用聚類分析、主成分分析研究人群之間的親緣關(guān)系;用融合分析計算北方漢族和南方原住民人群對潮汕人群母系基因庫的貢獻率大小。 結(jié)果:潮汕人群的單倍型多樣度(h)在1區(qū)和2區(qū)分別為0.992和0.942,核苷酸多樣度(π)在1區(qū)和2區(qū)分別為0.02153和0.01049,9bp缺失頻率為18.33%。在潮汕人群中,南方原住民的主要單倍群比北方漢族的主要單倍群所占的比例稍高一些。聚類分析和主成分分析的結(jié)果都顯示潮汕人群與其他南方漢族人群聚類。在潮汕人群的母系基因庫中南方原住民和北方漢族的成分基本上各占一半。此外,聚類分析和主成分分析的結(jié)果都顯示中國人群南北分界明顯。 結(jié)論:線粒體DNA高變區(qū)在潮汕漢族人群中具有高度多態(tài)性;潮汕人群具有南方漢族人群的遺傳特征;潮汕人群的母系遺傳成分源于北方漢族和南方原住民;中國南北人群之間存在遺傳差異。
[Abstract]:Background: mitochondrial DNA(mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has the characteristics of maternal inheritance, lack of recombination and high mutation rate. Therefore, it is easy to form population-specific genetic markers, which is a useful genetic marker to study the history of human phylogeny and population migration. Because mitochondrial DNA obeys strict patrilineal inheritance and avoids the influence of hybrids, it can faithfully reproduce the maternal evolution history of people by analyzing mitochondrial differences. Chaoshan is located in the southeast corner of our country, the easternmost end of Guangdong Province, adjacent to Fujian Province, its region includes today's Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang three prefecture-level cities. The corresponding Chaoshan people refer to the Han people who live in this area and have their own unique dialects and habits. According to historical records, before 214 BC, the main ancestor of Chaoshan area was the Min-Yue nationality. After the Qin and Han dynasties, the Chaoshan people were gradually assimilated into the Han nationality as the descendants of the Han nationality moved southward and merged with the native people of the Central Plains. HLA(Human leucocyte antigenand autosomal STR(Short tandem repeat) markers were used to study the anthropological origin of Chaoshan population at the gene level. The results of the two genetic markers showed that Chaoshan Han and Southern Han were clustered and closely related to the Han nationality in South Fujian. The results of STR study also showed that the components of Han nationality in Chaoshan population were dominant, while those of southern aborigines were less. Objective: to study the genetic relationship between Chaoshan population and other Chinese people from the point of view of maternal inheritance, and to further explore the genetic components of maternal gene pool in Chaoshan population. Methods: the hypervariable segment 1 and hypervariable segment 2 HVS-1 and HVS-2 sequence analysis and 9bp deletion detection of CO 鈪，

本文編號：1933543