Tenascin-C在周圍神經(jīng)再生過程中的功能和相關(guān)分子機制研究
[Abstract]:Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical disease. Peripheral nerve regeneration is a complex biological process involving many cellular activities. The exact mechanism of injury and regeneration of peripheral nerve has not been fully elucidated. Schwann cells in the vicinity of the injured peripheral nervous system undergo demyelination and dedifferentiate into Schwann fines similar to those in the immature state of development. In this state, Schwann cells enter the cell cycle again and begin to divide and proliferate, migrate forward along the regenerated axon, and finally form myelin sheath around the regenerated axon to repair the nerve. In order to find some key regulatory genes involved in peripheral nerve regeneration and further elucidate the role of related core genes in nerve regeneration, we have resorted to bioinformatics methods in order to discover and study the important core modulations in the process of regeneration after injury. In this study, we first established a rat model of sciatic nerve amputation by surgical operation, and then analyzed the 5 mm nerve tissue of the proximal sciatic nerve stump at 0, 1, 4, 7 and 14 days after sciatic nerve injury by expression spectrum chip technique. Random variance model was used to analyze the significance of different genes and their expression trend. We detected 6046 different genes (P 0.01, FDR 0.05). KEGG analysis showed that tenascin-C (TNC) had the most significant effect on the change of gene expression in the whole signal pathway. Nerve regeneration is at the core of the regulatory network, suggesting that TNC may play an important role in nerve regeneration. In addition, TNC has been found to promote the migration and invasion of a variety of tumor cells in the tumor system. In related studies of the central nervous system, TNC has also been found to promote axonal growth. However, there are few studies on TNC in the peripheral nervous system, and TNC binding precedes it. In subsequent in-depth studies, we found that TNC in the proximal sciatic nerve was maintained at a very high level 4 days after sciatic nerve transection. After that, we detected TNC and Schwann cell marker S100beta, macrophage marker CD68 and fibroblast marker P4HB (prolyl-4-hydroxylase b) by immunofluorescence. The co-localization of ETA showed that TNC almost did not co-localize with Schwann cells and macrophages after peripheral nerve injury, but co-localized well with fibroblasts, suggesting that fibroblasts would express TNC in large quantities after sciatic nerve injury. Fibroblasts play an important role in tissue repair by cell proliferation and intercellular matrix formation. In wound healing, for example, fibroblasts proliferate through mitosis, and synthesize and secrete a large number of collagen fibers and matrix components, which participate in tissue repair and repair after injury. Alison Lloyd et al. found in 2010 that after peripheral nerve injury, fibroblasts aggregated to the injured site and directed Schwann cells to arrange axially through EphB signals to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. Based on this report and our findings, fibroblasts secrete a large amount of TNC after nerve injury, we propose that To verify this hypothesis, we first designed a transwell-based fibroblast-Schwann cell co-culture system in vitro. We found that the underlying layer of the Transwell co-culture system The number of fibroblasts seeded into the cells affected the number of Schwann cells that migrated through the Transwell chamber, which was in direct proportion to the number of fibroblasts. This proved that fibroblasts did have the ability to affect the migration of Schwann cells and the effectiveness of the co-culture system. We designed siRNA for TNC as a mediator, and validated the gene silencing efficiency of siRNA at RNA and protein levels. Transwell and cell scratch experiments showed that inhibition of TNC expression in fibroblasts significantly reduced the migration ability of Schwann cells co-cultured with TNC; and then we made it possible to inhibit the expression of TNC in fibroblasts. In vitro cultured Schwann cells were treated with exogenous TNC. It was found that the addition of 1 and 10 ug/ml TNC proteins in the culture medium could effectively promote the migration of Schwann cells. Combined with the above results, TNC was an important mediator of fibroblasts affecting the migration of Schwann cells. Compared with the control group, exogenous 1 ug/ml and 10 ug/ml TNC protein could significantly promote the migration rate and quantity of Schwann cells after sciatic nerve injury, and also promote the growth of axons. In addition to examining the effect of TNC on the migration of Schwann cells, we also investigated the effect of TNC on Schwann cells. Two other important functions, proliferation and myelination, we found that the proliferation rate of Schwann cells was not significantly different from that of the control group after adding 1 and 10 ug/ml TNC protein in the culture medium, which indicated that TNC had no effect on the proliferation of Schwann cells. We used the Schwann cell-neuron co-culture myelination model in vitro to investigate the effect of 1 ug/ml TNC protein on the myelination of Schwann cells. Two non-covalently bound transmembrane subunits of beta. An extracellular spherical domain is a head that exposes an extracellular membrane about 20 nm and binds to extracellular matrix proteins. Both subunits of the integrin, alpha and beta chains, are glycosylated and bind through non-covalent bonds. The integrin is a mediator of cells and their external environment (mainly In signal transduction, integrins transmit information about the chemical composition and mechanical state of the extracellular matrix into cells and participate in the regulation of cellular communication, cell cycle and cell movement. In the process of peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, Schwann is fine. Cells play a very important role, and integrins have been found to influence a variety of biological behaviors of Schwann cells, including migration, proliferation and myelination. Our previous data analysis on chip data predicted that integrin beta 1 may play a key role in the regeneration process as a downstream gene of TNC. To investigate the relationship between TNC and integrin beta 1, we first designed siRNA of integrin beta 1 and validated its gene silencing efficiency at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Then we found that TNC promoted the migration of Schwann cells by interfering with integrin beta 1 of Schwann cells cultured in vitro with siRNA. In addition, we blocked integrin beta 1 on the surface of Schwann cells directly at the protein level with antibodies, similar to the results of siRNA interference. After blocking the function of integrin beta 1, the effect of TNC on promoting Schwann cell migration disappeared; and then, for a more intuitive study of whether TNC can directly interact with Schwann cells. Combining the above results, we can conclude that TNC affects the migration of Schwann cells by binding to integrin beta 1 on the surface of Schwann cells. Several important effector molecules of the Rho GTPase family associated with migration downstream of integrin beta 1 were measured and TNC was found to induce the activation of RhoA and Racl rather than Cdc42 without affecting the total expression of RhoA. TNC is further activated by binding to Schwann cell surface receptor integrin beta 1 to promote the migration of Schwann cells. These results suggest that TNC is an important regulator of Schwann cell migration by fibroblasts during sciatic nerve regeneration, and there is a close interaction between TNC and Schwann cell migration. There is a new evidence that fibroblasts are not systematically studied in relation to other components of the sciatic nerve (such as Schwann cells, neurons, macrophages, etc.). In recent years, more and more researchers in the field of peripheral nerve regeneration have focused their attention on fibroblasts, especially Alison Lloyd. The first in-depth study of the interaction between fibroblasts and Schwann cells in 2010 has led to a new understanding of the function of fibroblasts in the peripheral nervous system. The role will be more and more explored, which is likely to be an important direction in the field of peripheral nerve regeneration in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:R741
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