【摘要】：經(jīng)顱超聲刺激技術(shù)是一種利用低強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲波作用于腦組織，對神經(jīng)元產(chǎn)生生物機(jī)械效應(yīng)，影響神經(jīng)電活動，從而引起一系列生理生化反應(yīng)的腦調(diào)控技術(shù)。與臨床使用的神經(jīng)物理調(diào)節(jié)技術(shù)，如深度腦刺激、經(jīng)顱磁刺激相比，經(jīng)顱超聲刺激分別具有無損傷與高空間分辨率、高穿透深度的優(yōu)勢，是一種很有應(yīng)用前景的新腦調(diào)控技術(shù)。 搭建了一套基于經(jīng)顱超聲刺激的動物實驗平臺，平臺主要包含超聲波發(fā)射與接收器、XYZ三維掃描平臺、超聲換能器、神經(jīng)信號采集系統(tǒng)等。根據(jù)經(jīng)顱超聲刺激實驗中的空間分辨率、聲強(qiáng)兩個參數(shù)要求選擇了可聚焦壓電式超聲換能器。通過電腦上位機(jī)軟件，可以設(shè)定實驗中的超聲波參數(shù)，并顯示采集到的數(shù)據(jù)波形。 使用搭建的經(jīng)顱超聲刺激動物實驗平臺進(jìn)行小鼠實驗。實驗一，，超聲刺激正常小鼠大腦皮層，采集后腿下肢肌電信號，進(jìn)行小波去噪處理，分析超聲刺激前后肌電信號變化。實驗結(jié)果表明低強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲能夠刺激運(yùn)動皮層，進(jìn)而誘導(dǎo)肌電信號，經(jīng)顱超聲刺激可以進(jìn)行非侵入式神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)。實驗二，探索經(jīng)顱超聲刺激是否可以減輕帕金森模型小鼠的患病癥狀。進(jìn)行分組對照實驗，通過丙二醛、過氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶等試劑盒測定各組氧化應(yīng)激參數(shù)，通過爬桿實驗評估刺激對動物的行為學(xué)改變。實驗結(jié)果表明，經(jīng)顱超聲刺激能夠一定程度上改善帕金森小鼠的運(yùn)動功能，機(jī)理可能時超聲刺激可以提高其抗氧化能力，減輕神經(jīng)元氧化性損傷。 設(shè)計了一套用于人腦神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)的便攜式超聲刺激器，通過TFT彩屏可以方便設(shè)定超聲波相關(guān)參數(shù)，該刺激器具有多參數(shù)可調(diào)、實時顯示超聲波電信號等實用性優(yōu)點，其主要包含了驅(qū)動部分、信號采集部分與人機(jī)界面。本設(shè)計將為超聲腦調(diào)控系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于臨床研究打下基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Transcranial ultrasound stimulation is a brain regulation technique that uses low intensity focused ultrasound in brain tissue, produces biological mechanical effects on neurons, affects neuroelectrical activity, and causes a series of physiological and biochemical reactions. Excitation has the advantages of non-invasive, high spatial resolution and high penetration depth. It is a promising new brain regulation technology.
An animal experimental platform based on transcranial ultrasound stimulation is set up. The platform mainly includes ultrasonic emission and receiver, XYZ three-dimensional scanning platform, ultrasonic transducer, neural signal acquisition system and so on. According to the spatial resolution of the transcranial ultrasound stimulation experiment, the two parameters of sound intensity are chosen to focus on the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. PC PC software can set the ultrasonic parameters in the experiment and display the collected data waveform.
The experiment was made by using the constructed transcranial ultrasound to stimulate the animal experimental platform. Experiment 1, ultrasound stimulated the normal mice's cerebral cortex to collect the electromyogram of the hind legs and lower limbs. The wavelet denoising was carried out to analyze the changes of the electromyography signal before and after the ultrasonic stimulation. The experimental results showed that the low intensity polyacoustic hyper sound could stimulate the motor cortex and then induce the electromyography. Signal, transcranial ultrasound stimulation can perform noninvasive neuromodulation. Experiment two, to explore whether transcranial ultrasound can alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson model mice. Group control experiments were conducted to determine the oxidative stress parameters through MDA, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and other kits. The results showed that the transcranial ultrasound stimulation could improve the motor function of Parkinson mice to some extent. The mechanism may improve its antioxidant capacity and reduce the oxidative damage of neurons.
A portable ultrasonic stimulator for human brain nerve regulation is designed. Through TFT color screen, the ultrasonic related parameters can be set conveniently. The stimulator has many parameters and can display the practical advantages of the ultrasonic signal in real time. It mainly includes the driving part, the signal collection part and the human-computer interface. This design will be the ultrasonic brain modulation. The control system is applied to clinical research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R741;O426.9

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