同心圓硬化臨床及影像學特征
發(fā)布時間:2018-07-09 22:31
本文選題:同心圓硬化 + 臨床特點 ; 參考:《安徽醫(yī)科大學》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:背景與目的同心圓硬化(Baló,s concentric sclerosis,BCS)是一種少見的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)脫髓鞘性疾病,具有特征性病理改變,即病變區(qū)域髓鞘脫失帶和髓鞘相對保留帶相間排列形成明暗相間的條紋。BCS病因和臨床表現(xiàn)復雜,既往本病較難診斷,主要依靠腦組織活檢和尸檢確診,隨著核磁共振成像(Magnetic ResonanceImaging, MRI)技術的發(fā)展,越來越多的病例被診斷。此外,有研究認為BCS預后與是否得到早期積極有效治療相關,因此BCS的早期診斷、早期治療至關重要。本研究旨在結合既往文獻報道,探討B(tài)CS臨床表現(xiàn)、影像學特征和病理改變的一般特征及部分少見的不典型表現(xiàn),以期減少臨床誤診、漏診,改善BCS患者臨床預后。 方法回顧性分析本院2009年1月~2012年12月收治的經(jīng)頭顱MRI檢查證實和(或)核磁共振引導下腦組織活檢病理學檢查確診的6例BCS患者,調閱電子病歷,記錄研究對象的一般情況,如性別、年齡,聯(lián)系電話等;此次發(fā)病的起病形式,病前有無可能相關誘因,臨床癥狀、體征和既往病史;實驗室檢查如血常規(guī)、生化,甲狀腺功能組合、多腫瘤標志物的12項檢查(C12)及腦脊液(CerebrospinalFluid, CSF)常規(guī)、生化、寡克隆區(qū)帶(Oligoclonal Bands, OB);調閱并拷貝入組病例影像學資料,由經(jīng)驗豐富的神經(jīng)內科和影像科主任醫(yī)師分別閱片,,明確每例患者的影像學改變,包括頭顱CT(Computer Tomography)平掃病灶的部位,密度改變、有無水腫、鄰近腦組織結構受累情況,頭顱MRI平掃病灶的部位,信號特征,鄰近腦組織結構受累情況,增強掃描有無強化及強化程度和強化方式,病灶區(qū)域磁共振波譜分析(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS);病理科調閱相關病例腦組織病理切片,由經(jīng)驗豐富的神經(jīng)內科和病理科主任醫(yī)師分別閱片,明確每例患者組織病理學改變;記錄所有患者住院期間接受的治療方案及療效;結合既往文獻報道,從BCS病因、誘因、起病形式、臨床表現(xiàn)、影像學特征、腦組織活檢病理學改變、治療方案、療效評價和預后等方面進行分析、探討,總結本病的一般特征和特殊臨床表現(xiàn)。 結果6例BCS患者中,男性4例,女性2例,年齡23~63歲,平均41.8歲;颊叱始毙裕4例)或亞急性(2例)起病。首發(fā)癥狀主要為偏側肢體無力(3例),其他常見臨床表現(xiàn)包括共濟失調(3例),智能減退(2例),精神淡漠、反應遲鈍(2例),中樞性面舌癱(2例),病理征陽性(3例),時間、地點、人物定向障礙(1例)。頭顱MRI平掃除1例單發(fā)病灶外,其余均為多發(fā)病灶,發(fā)病初期病灶呈斑片樣或團塊狀,約2~3周后出現(xiàn)“煎雞蛋”樣雙重構造改變(4例),2月后出現(xiàn)同心圓樣特征性改變(2例),增強掃描2例出現(xiàn)病灶周圍2-3層不等的層狀強化,2例患者出現(xiàn)病灶邊緣不完全環(huán)狀強化。3例行腦組織活檢病理檢查符合同心圓硬化改變。6例中5例經(jīng)大劑量腎上腺糖激素沖擊治療后患者臨床癥狀均有明顯好轉,MRI同心圓樣病灶逐漸消失。隨訪6~25個月(平均15個月),1例患者出現(xiàn)癲癇發(fā)作,予抗癲癇治療后控制,1例患者遺留有偏側肢體麻木,1例患者自覺解小便費力,余2例患者恢復良好。 結論BCS多急性和亞急性起病,多以不同程度精神癥狀、智能減退及運動障礙起病,臨床表現(xiàn)復雜。頭顱CT平掃無特異性表現(xiàn),頭顱MRI檢查早期可出現(xiàn)“煎雞蛋”樣雙重構造改變,后期可出現(xiàn)同心圓樣特征性改變,具有診斷價值,腦組織活檢病理學檢查是診斷金標準。早期診斷,并行正規(guī)激素沖擊治療,本病多數(shù)預后良好,復發(fā)率低,呈良性臨床過程。
[Abstract]:Background and Objective concentric sclerosis ( BCS ) is a rare inating disease of the central nervous system . It has a characteristic pathological change , that is , it is difficult to diagnose in early diagnosis and early treatment of BCS . It is very important to study the clinical manifestation , imaging features and pathological changes of BCS .
Methods A retrospective analysis of 6 patients with BCS diagnosed by MRI examination of brain tissue from January 2009 to December 2012 was retrospectively analyzed . 6 patients with BCS were diagnosed by MRI examination and ( or ) magnetic resonance guidance . The electronic medical records were read and the general situation of the study object was recorded , such as sex , age , contact number , etc .
The onset form of the disease , the presence or absence of possible causes , clinical symptoms , signs and past medical history .
Laboratory examinations such as routine blood routine , biochemistry , thyroid function combination , 12 tests ( C12 ) and cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) routine , biochemical , and oligoclonal bands ( OB ) in cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) ;
The imaging data of group cases were reviewed and copied , and the imaging changes of each patient were identified by experienced neurologist and image department chief physician , including location , density change , presence or absence of edema , involvement of adjacent brain tissue , location of head MRI plain scan lesion , signal characteristics , involvement of adjacent brain tissue structure , enhancement of enhancement and enhancement of scan and enhancement mode , magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H - MRS ) , and magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H - MRS ) .
The pathological sections of the brain tissues of the relevant cases were reviewed by the medical science department , and the pathological changes of each patient were clearly defined by the experienced neurologist and the chief physician of the pathology department .
To record the treatment regimen and efficacy of all patients during hospitalization ;
Combined with previous literatures , this paper analyzes the causes , causes , forms of disease , clinical manifestation , imaging features , pathological changes of brain tissue biopsy , treatment plan , curative effect evaluation and prognosis , and summarizes the general characteristics and special clinical manifestations of this disease .
Results In 6 patients with BCS , there were 4 males and 2 females , ranging from 23 to 63 years ( mean 41.8 years ) .
Conclusion BCS polyacute and subacute onset are complicated with different degree of mental symptoms , hypogonadism and motor disturbance . The findings of CT plain scan showed no specific manifestation , and the early stage of MRI examination showed that the double structure of " fried eggs " could be changed . The early diagnosis and pathological examination of brain tissue were the diagnostic gold standard .
【學位授予單位】:安徽醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:R744.5
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