【摘要】： 目的 隨著醫(yī)學(xué)模式的轉(zhuǎn)變,國(guó)際兒科學(xué)界對(duì)睡眠質(zhì)量與兒童身心健康的關(guān)系非常關(guān)注。我國(guó)兒童睡眠的研究剛剛起步,目前的研究主要涉及兒童睡眠的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查。為此,我們對(duì)長(zhǎng)治市3～12歲兒童的睡眠情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究,以了解長(zhǎng)治市3～12歲兒童不同年齡階段睡眠狀況,睡眠障礙的發(fā)生率以及與兒童睡眠障礙的發(fā)生有關(guān)的影響因素。 方法 2008年9月至2009年1月間,在長(zhǎng)治地區(qū)采取分層隨機(jī)整群抽樣方法,抽取3～12歲兒童1236名,由作者對(duì)其家長(zhǎng)或看護(hù)人進(jìn)行睡眠狀況問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,并對(duì)問(wèn)卷填寫(xiě)的完整性進(jìn)行檢查,問(wèn)卷合格率為98.3%。最后對(duì)所有問(wèn)卷進(jìn)行審核,其中有少數(shù)未填寫(xiě)清楚的問(wèn)題,進(jìn)行電話調(diào)查以補(bǔ)充完整。流行病學(xué)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷是以“北京地區(qū)2～12歲兒童睡眠流行病學(xué)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷(其為澳大利亞悉尼大學(xué)、悉尼兒童醫(yī)院睡眠中心臨床問(wèn)卷,結(jié)合中國(guó)國(guó)情所制)”為基礎(chǔ)修訂后應(yīng)用。 結(jié)果 3～12歲各年齡組兒童的平均每日睡眠時(shí)間分別為10.95,10.94,10.45,9.76,9.45,9.50,9.27,9.11,9.38和9.29小時(shí)。兒童睡眠障礙癥狀發(fā)生率為34.3%。具體各項(xiàng)常見(jiàn)睡眠障礙相關(guān)癥狀的發(fā)生率分別為:夢(mèng)囈的發(fā)生率為3.4%、打鼾的發(fā)生率為4.3%、磨牙的發(fā)生率為7.7%、夢(mèng)游的發(fā)生率為0.2%、輾轉(zhuǎn)不安的發(fā)生率為5.8%,兒童(≥5歲)遺尿的發(fā)生率為1.1%、呼吸暫停的發(fā)生率為0.4%、睡眠中多汗的發(fā)生率為10.7%、肢體抽動(dòng)的發(fā)生率為1.6%、用口呼吸的發(fā)生率為6.2%、易醒的發(fā)生率為1.6%、睡眠中出現(xiàn)尖叫、哭喊的發(fā)生率為1.4%。3～7歲組兒童睡眠障礙發(fā)生率較7～12歲組高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P＜0.01)。不同性別間睡眠障礙發(fā)生率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P＞0.05)。而睡眠障礙癥狀發(fā)生有關(guān)的影響因素有扁桃體炎、母親打鼾、睡眠需要安慰物、與家長(zhǎng)合睡、臥室放有電視、經(jīng)常變動(dòng)看護(hù)、教育態(tài)度不一致、父親學(xué)歷。 結(jié)論 兒童每天的睡眠時(shí)間有隨著年齡的增加逐漸減少的趨勢(shì);長(zhǎng)治市3～12歲兒童可能存在睡眠時(shí)間不足;長(zhǎng)治市3～12歲兒童睡眠障礙發(fā)生率為34.3%。
[Abstract]:Purpose With the change of medical mode, the relationship between the quality of sleep and the physical and mental health of children is not related to the international scientific community. The study of children's sleep in China has just started, and the current research is mainly related to the epidemic of children's sleep To study the sleep of children aged from 3 to 12 years in Changzhi City, the incidence of sleep disorder and the incidence of sleep disorder in children aged from 3 to 12 in Changzhi City were investigated. a sound of In the period from September 2008 to January 2009, a stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted in the Changzhi area, and 1236 children from 3 to 12 years of age were sampled, and the authors conducted a questionnaire on the sleep status of their parents or caregivers, and examined the completeness of the questionnaire. The qualified rate of the questionnaire was 98.3%. 榪涜鐢?shù)璇濊皟鏌ヤ互琛ュ厖瀹屾暎?

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